the major wars of ancient greece

1. Ancient Greece
Greek Wars

2. 5 Question Quiz
1. What was the basis of Spartan society?
2. Describe Spartan women.
3. What is direct democracy?
4. Describe the daily life of men in Athens.
5. Describe Athenian women.

3. The Persian Wars

4. The Persian Wars 1
• In 546 B.C., the Persians
conquered the Greek
territory of Ionia on
Asia Minor.
• In 499 B.C., the Ionians
rebelled against the
Persians with a little
help from Athens

5. The Persian Wars 2
• The Persians, under the
rule of Darius I,
defeated the Ionians
and ended their
rebellion.
• As a punishment for
helping the Ionians,
Darius I decided to
invade the Greek
mainland.

6. The Battle of Marathon 1
• Darius sent his ships
across the Aegean Sea
to the city state of
Marathon. (25ish miles
north of Athens)
• The Persians
outnumbered the
Athenians 20,000 to
10,000.

7. The Battle of Marathon 2
• The Persians waited for
the Athenians for a few
days, but then they
decided to attack.
• They began to load
their soldiers and
cavalry on their ships so
that they could sail
down and try to take
the city-state of Athens.

8. The Battle of Marathon 3
• As the Persian soldiers
stood in the water,
waiting to board the
ships, the Athenians
attacked them, taking
them by surprise.
• The Persians lost
thousands of men while
the Greeks only lost a
couple hundred.

9. The Origin of the Marathon
• Following the Greek victory,
Pheidippides ran from
Marathon to Athens to
announce the results of the
battle.
• After he gave the good
news, he dropped dead on
the spot
• The 26.2 mile race we run
called a marathon today, is
done in tribute to this
event.

10. The Battle of Salamis 1
• After the battle of
Marathon, the Persians
retreated back to Asia
Minor.
• 10 years later, Darius’s
son Xerxes invaded
Greece from the north.

11. The Battle of Salamis 2
• Xerxes brought an army
of 200,000 men
• The men could not live
off the land
• They brought an
armada of supply ships
with them.

12. The Battle of Salamis 3
• An oracle told the
general Themistocles
that the Greeks would
defeat the Persians in
the battle behind a
“wooden wall”
• He believed that this
meant that they would
defeat them in a naval
battle at sea.

13. The Battles of
Thermopylae and Salamis
• To force the Persians
out to sea, the Greeks
set up a delaying action
on land.
• Under the Spartan King
Leonidas, 7,000 Greeks
met at a mountain pass
in Thermopylae

14. The Battle of Thermopylae 1
• For 3 days, the 7,000
Greeks held of the
Persian army.
• A Greek traitor told the
Persians about a trail
around the mountain
pass
• Realizing that they would
soon be surrounded and
beaten, Leonidas sent off
most of his troops

15. The Battle of Thermopylae 2
• King Leonidas, along with
300 of his best Spartan
soldiers, remained to
battle the Persian army.
• Leonidas and his men
were defeated, however,
they delayed the Persians
long enough for
Themisocles to get his
navy in place near the
island of Salamis

16. End of the Persian War
• The Greek ships were
faster and more
maneuverable than the
heavy Persian ships
• The Greek ships used
this advantage and
destroyed nearly all of
the Persian fleet

17. What happen to Persia after the
War
• After the battle of
Salamis, the Persians
retreated to Asia Minor
for Good.
• The Greeks claimed
control of the Aegean
Sea and grew confident
in their city-state’s
abilities.

18. The Results of The Persian Wars
• The Greeks defeated the
Persian empire and
preserved their political
independence.
• The Persian Wars united
Athens and Sparta against
the Persian Empire
• Athens preserved its
independence and
continued to innovate its
culture and government

19. The Peloponnesian War
Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece
helped cause the Peloponnesian War

20. The Delian League 1
• After the Persian war
ended, Athens persuaded
most of the city-states
(not Sparta) to join the
Delian League.
• defense of possible
revenge attacks from
Persia
• Athens would provide the
primary forces (ships) and
the other city-states
would send men.

21. The Delian League 2
• Over the next several
decades, the Delian
League freed Ionia from
the Persians and
cleared the Aegean Sea
of Pirates.
• Their efforts helped
expand overseas trade
and allowed Greece to
grow richer.

22. Athens Grows Strong
• Pericles- Athenian
statesman whose
leadership contributed to
Athens' political and
cultural supremacy in
Greece
• Athens began to dominate
the other city-states.
• Pericles used Delian money
for his own purposes.
• Focus shifted from fighting
the Persians to making
Athens strong.

23. The Peloponnesian League
• Several city-states, lead
by Sparta, formed the
Peloponnesian League,
and alliance that would
oppose Athens.

24. The Peloponnesian War 1
• The war lasted from 431
b.c. to 404 b.c.
• At first, Athens was able
to defend themselves
because Sparta didn’t
have a navy.
• Sparta struck a deal with
Persia for money to build
its own fleet

25. The Peloponnesian War 2
• Shortly after the war
started, a plague
weakened Athens and
killed 1/3 of its
population including
Pericles.
• After his death, there
was an argument on
whether or not the war
should go on.

26. The Peloponnesian War 3
• After a few more years
of fighting, some of the
members of the Delian
league switched sides
to fight against Athens.
• Sparta was then able to
destroy the Athenian
fleet and conquer the
city.

27. Effects of the War 1
• The war resulted in the
slowing of cultural
advances and the
weakening of political
power.
• Many Greeks lost faith
in democracy

28. Effects of the War 2
• Sparta tried to rule the
other city-states but
were overthrown after
invasions by other
neighboring countries.
• Eventually, Greece was
taken over by
Macedonia

29. WARS OF ANCIENT GREECE
• Complete the Wars of Ancient Greece worksheet.