Philosophy--definition, developments, divisions and its difference with science and religion
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Similaire à Philosophy--definition, developments, divisions and its difference with science and religion
Similaire à Philosophy--definition, developments, divisions and its difference with science and religion (20)
Philosophy--definition, developments, divisions and its difference with science and religion
- 1. PHILOSOPHY
- 3. ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? PHILOSOPHY ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? What are the own activities of men?
- 4. Plant like activities Drinking Eating Respiration
- 5. Animal like activities Jumping Running climbing
- 6. Mental activities Imagination Thinking
- 7. Thinking and Imagination Thinking"- To have a conscious mind, to some extent of reasoning, remembering experiences, making rational decisions. "Imagination"-The faculty of producing ideal creations consistent with reality, as in literature, as distinct from the power of creating illustrative or decorative imagery
- 8. PHILOSOPHY is the higher form of thought and related activities Why do we think for? Get Information or knowledge When do we think? Face contradiction What we think about?
- 9. What do you do when you discover and an endangered animal that only eats endangered plants? If the "black box" survives every plane crash, why not make the entire plane out of that stuff? Why is lemon juice mostly artificial ingredients but dishwashing liquid contains real lemons? If the universe is everything, and scientists say that the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?
- 10. What do you do when you discover and an endangered animal that only eats endangered plants? If the "black box" survives every plane crash, why not make the entire plane out of that stuff? Why is lemon juice mostly artificial ingredients but dishwashing liquid contains real lemons? If the universe is everything, and scientists say that the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?
- 11. What is the nature of the universe? Where does it come from? Of what is it made? How did it come to exist? What is its purpose? By what process does it change? Is it evolving or devolving? Does it function by itself or would it degenerate to chaos without some kind of intelligent control?
- 12. What is reality? What is mind? what is thought? Is thought real? Which is superior: mind or matter? Has mind created matter or has matter evolved mind? Where do ideas come from? Does thought have any importance--does it make any difference in our lives--or is it just fantasy? What is Truth? Is there a universal Truth, true for all men forever, or is Truth relative or individual?
- 13. Is there a Supreme Being? If so, what is His nature? Did He create the universe? Does He continue to control it personally and if so, at what level? What is his relationship with man? Does he intervene in the affairs of man? Is this Being good? If this Being is good and all-powerful, how can evil exist?
- 14. What is the meaning of life? Why is the sky blue? What is beauty? What is true love? What is truth? Define success? Define a great relationship? What is commitment? Define a great life?
- 15. Assignment . Try to answer any one of the questions above?
- 16. What is the meaning of life? Why is the sky blue? What is beauty? What is true love? What is truth? Define success? Define a great relationship? What is commitment? Define a great life?
- 17. ‘The spirit of creation is simply the spirit of contradiction.’— Jean Cocteau World is filled with contradictions
- 18. Why it is? How it is? What it is for? Philosophy originate from contradictions
- 19. Three stages philosophical quest passed He looked the force of nature with awe He understand the secret of nature He control and exploit nature
- 20. DEFINITION Non academic use of the term Philosophy To show Personal attitude To show detachment in life To show universal perspective Origin of the term Greek word Phelin - to love Philosophy - Love of wisdom Sophia - wisdom Pythagoranwho used this term first Plato in his Dialogue used this to distinguish the act of thinking that lead to the foundations or root of thing and issues and convictions or ideas resulting from this kind of thinking
- 21. DEFINITION It is the rational, systematic and critical enquiry into the basic principles or aspect of any dimension of reality or reality as a whole What Philosophy seek? How? For what? * Basic reality ^# Introspection Know thyself- Socarties *Existence # Rational synthesis *Knowledge Atmajnanam– Indian saints *Values etc Quench thirst for knowledge ^Looking into one's own mind, to find what one thinks and feels. The idea that this process is rather like that of perception, only turned inwards, is rejected by most current philosophers of mind.
- 22. EWF Tomlin- Philosophy of East and West - says “The great Philosophers are merely those for whom the impulse to enquire into the nature of things has become a passion. Thought is the profession from which they never retire….For philosophy is essentially the flower of solitude: it is the unstill and unstillable small voice in each of us which we can ignore at our peril”
- 23. Functional meaning Encarta Dictionary *Examination of basic concepts - like truth, existence, reality, causality, freedom etc *System of thought - egGandihism *Guiding or underlying principle - eg Philosophy of History, Philosophy of science etc., *Calm resignation - restraint or calmness and rationality in persons behavior
- 24. Philosophy # More than a technical subject that analyses words, concepts and logical procedures. # More than a game played by academic specialist # It is an efforts to achieve organized view of themselves and the universe. “Philosophy I an activity undertaken by human being who are deeply concerned about who they are and what everything means” - Honer Hunt and Okholm
- 25. USES + Grasp the fundamental assumption of the area of study + Inculcate the tendency of questioning + Improve our personal life - make aware of the vastness of reality. + Grasp the root of our convictions and commitments. + Give proper vision to life. + Realize the meaning of life.
- 26. Classification of Philosophy Asian Geographical norm African European Ancient Medieval Modern Historical norms Existentialism Idealism Materialism System norm Philosophy Essentialism Empiricism Maxims Pragmatism Rationalism
- 27. Distinct areas of philosophy Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology metaphysics : The branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science, traditionally including ontology, cosmology . Ontology : The branch of metaphysics dealing with the philosophical theory of reality, number of entities that compose the universe . Monism – recognizing one and only one ultimate reality Dualism–recognizing two components of ultimate reality Pluralism– recognizing ultimate reality as composed of many elements
- 28. Distinct areas of philosophy Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Epistemology the branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, methods, validity, and limits of human knowledge. Axiology The study of the origin, nature, functions, types and interrelations of value : value theory
- 29. Philosophy and Science Show passion for knowledge Both complementary Differ Philosophy Science Origin Latin word – Scire – ‘to know’ Greek work – Philosophia _ Love of wisdom Divide in to Epistemology, Metaphysics and Axiology Natural science, Physical science and life science Field Observation and Experiment Means Introspection and Rational synthesis Theme Concrete Abstract Descriptive Presen tation Prescriptive
- 30. Religion Religion is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods
- 31. Religion individual inner obligation to ritual and reverence Latin word “religio” - Origin Sacred engagement with what is taken to be spiritual reality - a. creator b. controller c. transcendental power Different religious faith 1. Polytheism - belief in many God 2. Monotheism - belief in one God 3. Monism - belief in one and only one divine principle
- 32. Religion individual inner obligation to ritual and reverence Latin word “religio” - Origin Sacred engagement with what is taken to be spiritual reality - a. creator b. controller c. transcendental power Different religious faith 1. Polytheism - belief in many God 2. Monotheism - belief in one God 3. Monism - belief in one and only one divine principle
- 33. Religion individual inner obligation to ritual and reverence Latin word “religio” - Origin Sacred engagement with what is taken to be spiritual reality - a. creator b. controller c. transcendental power Different religious faith 1. Polytheism - belief in many God 2. Monotheism - belief in one God 3. Monism - belief in one and only one divine principle
Notes de l'éditeur
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- Why do banks charge a fee on “insufficient funds” when they know there is not enough?Why does someone believe you when you say there are four billion stars, but check when you say the paint is wet?Why do they use sterilised needles for death by lethal injection?Whose idea was it to put an “S” in the word “lisp”?What is the speed of darkness?Why do Kamikaze pilots wear helmets?If it’s true that we are here to help others, what are the others doing here?If someone with a split personality threatens to commit suicide, is it a hostage situation?What level of importance must a person have, before they are considered assassinated instead of just murderedPhilosophical Questions to Ask SomeoneWhy do we press harder on a remote control when we know the batteries are flat?Why do banks charge a fee on "insufficient funds" when they know there is not enough?Why does someone believe you when you say there are four billion stars, but check when you say the paint is wet?Why doesn't glue stick to the bottle?Why do they use sterilised needles for death by lethal injection?Why doesn't Tarzan have a beard?Why does Superman stop bullets with his chest, but ducks when you throw a gun at him?Are there specially reserved parking spaces for non-disabled people at The Special Olympics?If you send someone 'Styrofoam', how do you pack it?If the temperature is zero outside today and it's going to be twice as cold tomorrow, how cold will it be?If people evolved from apes, why are there still apes?If it's true that we are here to help others, what are the others doing here?Do married people live longer than single ones or does it only seem longer?If someone with a split personality threatens to commit suicide, is it a hostage situation?Really Philosophical QuestionsIf the "black box" survives every plane crash, why not make the entire plane out of that stuff?If the universe is everything, and scientists say that the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?Instead of talking to your plants, if you yell at them would they still grow, only to be troubled and insecure?Isn't it a little scary that a doctor's work is called practice?Should crematoriums give discounts for burn victims?Shouldn't it be called a "near hit" rather than a "near miss"?There are 24 hours in a day, and 24 beers in a case. Coincidence?What hair color do they put on the driver's license of a bald man?What is a free gift? Aren't all gifts free?When you choke a Smurf, what color does it turn?Whose cruel idea was it for the word "lisp" to have an "s" in it?Why is there an eject button on the VCR remote? Don't you have to get up to get to the tape?Why are builders afraid to have a 13th floor but book publishers aren't afraid to have a Chapter 11?Why are there flotation devices under plane seats instead of parachutes?Why are there interstate highways in Hawaii?Philosophical Questions to PonderWhy do fat chance and slim chance mean the same thing?Why do they call them "apartments" when they are all stuck together?Why do "tug" boats push their barges?Why do we drive on parkways and park on driveways?Why do we sing "Take me out to the ball game", when we are already there?hy do we say things "go off" when they are actually turning on?Why does flammable and inflammable mean the same thing?Why don't you ever see baby crows or pigeons?Why is it building "buildings", shouldn't they be called a "built" when completed?Why is it called "after dark", when it is really after light?Why is it that when you're driving and looking for an address, you turn down the volume on the radio?Why is Mickey Mouse bigger than his dog Pluto?Why is there only one commission that determines monopolies?What's another word for thesaurus? What's another word for synonym?Why are there Braille signs on drive-up ATM's?Why do kamikaze pilots wear helmets?
- Why do banks charge a fee on “insufficient funds” when they know there is not enough?Why does someone believe you when you say there are four billion stars, but check when you say the paint is wet?Why do they use sterilised needles for death by lethal injection?Whose idea was it to put an “S” in the word “lisp”?What is the speed of darkness?Why do Kamikaze pilots wear helmets?If it’s true that we are here to help others, what are the others doing here?If someone with a split personality threatens to commit suicide, is it a hostage situation?What level of importance must a person have, before they are considered assassinated instead of just murderedPhilosophical Questions to Ask SomeoneWhy do we press harder on a remote control when we know the batteries are flat?Why do banks charge a fee on "insufficient funds" when they know there is not enough?Why does someone believe you when you say there are four billion stars, but check when you say the paint is wet?Why doesn't glue stick to the bottle?Why do they use sterilised needles for death by lethal injection?Why doesn't Tarzan have a beard?Why does Superman stop bullets with his chest, but ducks when you throw a gun at him?Are there specially reserved parking spaces for non-disabled people at The Special Olympics?If you send someone 'Styrofoam', how do you pack it?If the temperature is zero outside today and it's going to be twice as cold tomorrow, how cold will it be?If people evolved from apes, why are there still apes?If it's true that we are here to help others, what are the others doing here?Do married people live longer than single ones or does it only seem longer?If someone with a split personality threatens to commit suicide, is it a hostage situation?Really Philosophical QuestionsIf the "black box" survives every plane crash, why not make the entire plane out of that stuff?If the universe is everything, and scientists say that the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?Instead of talking to your plants, if you yell at them would they still grow, only to be troubled and insecure?Isn't it a little scary that a doctor's work is called practice?Should crematoriums give discounts for burn victims?Shouldn't it be called a "near hit" rather than a "near miss"?There are 24 hours in a day, and 24 beers in a case. Coincidence?What hair color do they put on the driver's license of a bald man?What is a free gift? Aren't all gifts free?When you choke a Smurf, what color does it turn?Whose cruel idea was it for the word "lisp" to have an "s" in it?Why is there an eject button on the VCR remote? Don't you have to get up to get to the tape?Why are builders afraid to have a 13th floor but book publishers aren't afraid to have a Chapter 11?Why are there flotation devices under plane seats instead of parachutes?Why are there interstate highways in Hawaii?Philosophical Questions to PonderWhy do fat chance and slim chance mean the same thing?Why do they call them "apartments" when they are all stuck together?Why do "tug" boats push their barges?Why do we drive on parkways and park on driveways?Why do we sing "Take me out to the ball game", when we are already there?hy do we say things "go off" when they are actually turning on?Why does flammable and inflammable mean the same thing?Why don't you ever see baby crows or pigeons?Why is it building "buildings", shouldn't they be called a "built" when completed?Why is it called "after dark", when it is really after light?Why is it that when you're driving and looking for an address, you turn down the volume on the radio?Why is Mickey Mouse bigger than his dog Pluto?Why is there only one commission that determines monopolies?What's another word for thesaurus? What's another word for synonym?Why are there Braille signs on drive-up ATM's?Why do kamikaze pilots wear helmets?