Economy Of Pakistan Essay

Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan
Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan
By: Sehar Sheikh
Outline:
Introduction:
A problem–free society; desire of every individual
Defining social and economic problems
Why they are a menace?
A.Social Problems
Problems at the time of separation grew with the passage of time
The current scenario
a.Poor law and order situation
b.Poverty
c.Illiteracy
d.Corruption
e.Unemployment
f.Child Labour
B.Economic Problems
Power crises and war on terrorism, root of basic economic problems
Loss of MNCs business
Tumbling stock market
Unprecedented Inflation
Declining exports
Loss of Foreign Exchange through Tourism Industry
Influx of local people from war–ridden areas and their rehabilitation
C.Remedies
Improved law...show more content...
Terrorism has become a headache for federation and a nightmare for public. Government has been
helpless in eradicating terrorism despite beefing up security in metropolitan cities. Public seeks
answer to the question that what is their fault for which they are being punished by the terrorists?
People have become numerical figures, blown up in numbers every now and then. Terrorists have
not spared any place. Bazars, mosques, educational institutes, offices, hotels– you name it and the
place is not safe any more.
Besides terrorism there are other social problems which are older and more widespread. The

biggest of these problems is poverty. 70% population of Pakistan lives in villages. Most of them
don't have access to adequate basic needs of life. They are struggling for bread and butter. A large
chunk of population lives below poverty line. They live in miserable conditions. Lack of proper
food, clothing and shelter, poor sanitation, unsafe and sometimes contaminated drinking water are
just some of their many problems. Poverty itself gives rise to various other social problems. It
deprives children of poor people to access education and healthcare. A sense of deprivation
manifests itself in form of various crimes. That is why every now and then we read crime stories in
newspapers that are characterized by lower orders of society who adopt illegal channels to get the
financial prosperity which they can not achieve otherwise.
Illiteracy is yet an other problem of
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Impact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy
Context Page. No.
1. Title 3
2.0 Background and academic context 3
3.0 Signification of project 4
4.0 research questions 5
5.0 literature review 5
6.0 Aim and objective 9...show more content...
Globalization helps people and firms in large scale in the form of cash flow or investments,
experiences, new inventions, new technology, they can import and export to the big market on a
cheaper or effective way. Globalization is bringing the people together and making the world smaller
and smaller.
"There are Number of institutions established in the wake of World War II including World Bank,
international monetary fund (IMF), and general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT). Similarly
world trade organization (WTO) has played an important role in promoting free trade in place of
protectionism". (www.worldbank.org)
Developing countries like Pakistan have to understand the pros and cons of globalization in context
with WTO regime and to find ways not only to survive in the international market but also get
benefit from it. This study will be helpful to improve the understanding regarding the effects of
globalization on Pakistan's economy. The main purpose of this research is to help and improve the
understanding of different effects of gradual and selective approach to globalization in different term
such as employment, trade, wages and social progress in Pakistan. 4.0 Research Questions
How is Pakistan positioning itself to meet the challenges of globalization?
What is an overall impact of globalization on foreign direct investment in Pakistan?
What are the benefits of free trade and how we can bring transaction

Current Situation of Pakistan Economy
Current Situation of Pakistan Economy
There are genuine fears prevailing in Pakistan that its economy is in a bad shape. Whereas some
expert economists of the country comment that Pakistan's economy is near collapse, others are of
the view that although our economy is still away from the verge of immediate collapse it is so
fragile that unless serious and urgent efforts are made to survive the economy, it can move to a
dangerous stage within about next six to 12 months.
These views of experts cannot be wished away since weak health of the economy is being
mirrored by withering economic indicators, such as low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) due to
very low annual growth rate of our economy (2%), rising fiscal deficit (5.8% of total size of...show
more content...
The ultimate objective of the economic plan should be to reduce and eliminate dependence on
foreign debts/aid and internal borrowings. The Government should also make serious efforts in
exploring country's natural resources with emphasis on making Thar Coal Project a quick success
so that electricity and gas could be generated and provided to the productive sectors of our
economy. Efforts should also be made to maintain and increase flow of foreign remittances and
exports to reduce trade deficit. In the long–term perspective the defence expenditure should also be
reduced by making efforts in cooperation with the regional and world powers for early resolution
ofAfghanistan issue which can bring the war on terror in our part of the world to an end. In this
major enterprise of addressing country's economic downturn, the government as well as opposition
parties in Pakistan have to work together with all sincerity, integrity, cooperation and statesmanship
giving good governance in a corruption–free environment. To make the economic revival and
development plan a success story within the shortest possible time, it is necessary that all adult
citizens of Pakistan also play their constructive

Foreign Direct Investment Into Pakistan
Title:
Causes of Foreign direct investment into Pakistan.
Aim and objectives:
The dissertation topic will focus on the importance of foreign direct investment into Pakistan's
Economy and will also focus around the causes of foreign direct investment. The report will look
into three different perspectives such as, the effects on FDI pre and post 9/11, investment in
different sectors of industry and the importance of investing countries in terms of contributing
towards developing Pakistan's infrastructure or helping financially to fight the 'War against terror'.
Moreover, the report also provides an insight to what can be done to improve the inflow of FDI into
Pakistan.
Background of Pakistan's economy and FDI: Since the independence in 1947 the economy of
Pakistan has emerged as a semi–industrialized economy and is mainly based on textile, agriculture
and food production. The textile industry contributes around 9% to the country's gross domestic
product (khurram baig, 2013). However, since the start of 2008 the country as a whole has
struggled to gain the confidence of many foreign and local investors due to instability and security
concerns and the country is struggling to gain back the confidence ever since. Although, after 2012
an increase in the FDI was seen due to improvement in the tertiary sector, this was n mainly due to
an increase in spending power and confidence shown by the local consumers (The World Bank).
Foreign direct investment refers to long term

PRIVATIZATION IN PAKISTAN
Name : Tehweel Zehra Jafri
Std Id: 16966[Student Name
Date of Submission: 10th April 2015
Instructor : Sir Nabeel Latif
Privatization in Pakistan
Privatization can be defined as transfer of ownership of business or property to private companies
from the government. When any public company becomes private, then in that company the investor
cannot purchase a stake.
In Pakistan, the process of privatization was a program of policy measures in the economic period of
Pakistan. The Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has first conceived and implemented the idea of
privatization, in order to enable the nationalized companies and industries towards market economy.
It has initiated 1989–90 immediately just after the economic collapse of Soviet Union. The program
has visualized and envisaged, to enhance the growth of GDP of the national economy of Pakistan
(Khan, 2010).
Objective of Privatization:
In Pakistan, since 1991, the privatization has been promoted (Khan et al., 2011). The two main
factors behind privatization were the increasing popularity of the market economy and the
globalization.
Create Opportunities for the Private Sector
The first objective of the privatization is to create better opportunities for the private sectors of
Pakistan, for modernization and promoting expansion.
Improve Productivity and Profitability
By improving of productivity and profitability, would contribute to the better reputation and image
of Pakistan at the

Long Run Growth Of Pakistan
Long–run Growth in Pakistan Ashoni Kumar April 26, 2015 Abstract: Growth rate of Pakistan
over the past sixty years have been both impressive as well as disappointing too. The reason why
the economy is recognized being impressive is because of the rapid growth rate that had its
quadrupling impact over per capita income as well as reduction in the poverty. During the same
span of time the country fairly performed in sustain inflation too. Later, the structural
transformation in areas of financial and administrative sector brought harm by converting an
agrarian economy in to more diversify industrialized economy. Social indicators suggests us that
Pakistan is being ranked being 134th among 177 countries in terms of Human development index
and also in terms of Income inequality index because there exist a lot of disparity in terms of
urban rural segregation, gender differences and this all has worsen over time. Pakistan is lagging
behind many other countries belonging to the Est Asian Countries and most recent is an example of
India with its impressive integration as far as world economy is concerned. Economic History of
Pakistan: The economic past of Pakistan begins with its independence in 1947. Pakistan's economy
is a semi–industrialized economy that used to be largely dependent upon textile, agriculture and
food production. Although over years there is a recent advancement observed in areas of
technological diversification but the country still needs to

Overview of Pakistan's Economy
Pakistan was a very poor and predominantly agricultural country when it gained independence in
1947. Pakistan's average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the
average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual real GDP growth
rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell
to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in the second half of that decade.
Farming is Pakistan's largest economic activity. In FY 1993, agriculture, and small–scale forestry
and fishing, contributed 25 percent of GDP and employed 48 percent of the labor force. Agricultural
products, especially cotton yarn, cotton cloth, raw...show more content...
Investment was invited in medium and large scale industries with grant of incentives but without
regard to sustainability of the activity, raw material and manpower availability, site specificity and
entrepreneurship.
The small scale manufacturing, based on indigenous or indigenised technologies, continued to be the
main contributor to economic development, more than the large scale industries, until the late fifties.
In the mid fifties the contribution of the large scale manufacturing based on embodied technologies
overtook that of the small industries. The contribution of the latter was 30% of the total in mid
sixties and continues to be approximately 25% of the manufacturing sector. Subsequently large and
small industrial complexes were established in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Nowshera, Hyderabad,
Sukkur, Nawab Shah, Mirpur Khas and Khairpur and later on in Balochistan.
The above process helped the small industry in Sindh in the initial stages and in other parts of the
Country in the mid–1960s and 1970s to enter into new fields viz. the sectors of engineering,
chemicals, plastics, electronics, electrical goods, garments, leather goods etc. The output of these
industries is, however, marred by the lack of quality control. Realizing that the contribution of small
industries is approximately 25% of the industries sector, amounting to a turn over of over Rs 5
billion per year, the Government

Economic Impact Of 9/11 On Pakistan
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 9/11 ON PAKISTAN
Nine years down 9/11, we note that three countries Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan bore the brunt of
the aftermath of the dastardly deed. Destruction and mayhem resulting from the occupation of Iraq
has regressed it from a booming oil economy into a hotbed of terror attacks. Then Afghanistan,
which was already reeling under the impact of the after effects of the Soviet invasion and tribal wars
for supremacy, has retrogressed further after the US–led invasion. The Taliban resurgence and
machination by various secret services to establish their presence for their nefarious designs, makes
Afghanistan a battleground for proxy wars. What is more, Pakistan got sucked into the war on
terror, in response to the...show more content...
Due to this depreciation of the currency, it has increased the cost of imports; hence, increasing the
prices of various consumer goods.
The trade deficit stands at a staggering $20 billion, as against a projected oil import bill of $11
billion which can only be paid by completely depleting the country's foreign exchange reserves. The
trend is unlikely to be reversed. The price of oil five years ago was a mere $25 per barrel.
In view of the prevailing environment, fraught with risks, the government is constrained to give top
priority to security and is bound to spend more on the security and law enforcing agencies,
compromising development expenditures. Countert–errorism efforts, do not entail the high security
measures for VIPs only, but in view of the armed forces and security agencies, financial, medical and
educational institutions being targeted, allocation of the scarce resources to security has resulted in
the acute decline in productive spending in the economy.
The law and order situation has deteriorated to such an extent that Pakistan, which was a co–host for
the 2011 Cricket World Cup, along with India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, has been deprived of the
opportunity. It is estimated that the PCB will lose $10.5 million, due to the tournament being taken
away from them. According to the Finance Division, in terms of the economic impact, the fallout on
Pakistan has also been immense.
As a frontline state in the

Economic Problems Faced by Pakistan
History Of Pakistan
Economic Problems Faced by Today's Pakistan
Table of Contents
Introduction4
Poverty4
Illiteracy5
Corruption & Political Instability5
Over Population, Unemployment & Inflation6
International Interference8
Terrorism/Extremism8
Recent Floods9 Long–Term Effects of Pakistan Floods9
Reference11
Introduction
Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues,
some of which are confined to ill–formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources,
barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also
involving an ever–ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in
natural resources,...show more content...
It is interesting to note that due to international interference and manipulation, the very same
people that we have previously labeled as corrupt, blamed and rebuked for their acts, have come
back to govern us after a couple of years and the very same people have welcome them with open
arms, representing the inconsistency and apprehension instilled in our social, economic and political
framework. A common English saying goes as "fool me once, shame on you, fool me twice, shame
on me".
This has also been one of the key reasons as to why the political process in Pakistan has not
prospered so far into any rational coalition. Soon after its inception the sincere and loyal politicians
were removed from the main stream and dupes and rubber stamps were put into place, where the
final authority has relied upon decisions made outside the country.
Over Population, Unemployment & Inflation
On the one hand we have had years of low GDP growth and on the other a high population growth
combined to place Pakistan in a situation where the stability of its economic pie has not been
increasing fast enough to facilitate and extricate the country from the poverty trap it was inflicted
upon in it's making. To compound the problem, recent years have seen food prices and utility tariffs

shooting up by a wide margin, making it increasingly difficult for people to make

Socio Economic Conditions of Pakistan
June 25 2007: Poverty remains a serious concern in Pakistan as a large segment of the population
lives in poverty. According to the rebased GDP numbers, the per capita income comes to US$845.
Poverty rates, which had fallen substantially in the 1980s and early 1990s, started to rise again
toward the end of the decade.
More importantly, differences in income per capita across regions have persisted or widened. Poverty
varies significantly among rural and urban areas and from province to province, from a low of 14%
in urban Sindh to 41% in rural NWFP.
Pakistan has grown much more than other low–income countries, but has failed to achieve social
progress commensurate with its economic growth. The educated and well–off urban population
...show more content...
It is well known that in Sindh, the factors related to poverty reflect both the disappointing levels of
recent economic growth and a range of difficult environmental problems, many of them related to an
acute shortage of water and a poor and unreliable water supply. The livelihood prospects of the
poorest groups are also affected by the extreme economic inequalities that persist in many rural areas
and the continued prevalence of social institutions and different forms of violence that impact
negatively on their lives.
The sub–sites in Badin are indicative of the particular problems facing poor people in the coastal
belt, as well as of generic issues affecting the rural poor.
In Naushero Feroze, reflects the conditions in the riverine zones on the banks of the River Indus.
Khairpur is a case from the arid or semi–desert zones that account for a large area of the province, as
is a part of the Tharparkar site. The economic and social conditions of the irrigated and rain fed
agricultural areas respectively are well represented in the reports from Mirpurkhas, Nawabshah,
Jacobabad and Ghotki on the one hand, and Dadu, Thatta and part of Tharparkar on the other.
The greatest single issue in rural Sindh, however, is the social exclusion of the poor from
ownership of, or reliable access to, agricultural land and related natural assets (water supplies,
grazing). Especially in the case of the haris, who contributes large segment of

PAKISTAN: RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ISHRAT
HUSAIN Most of the news emanating about Pakistan in the Western media relate to terrorism, bomb
blasts, Islamic fundamentalism, nuclear non proliferation, military rule etc. Seldom does one see a
positive story appearing about Pakistan's remarkable economic turnaround. But the fact of the matter
is that despite such negative image Pakistan is one of the favored destinations for foreign direct
investment. Foreign direct investment flows have surged by 95 percent during July – February 2007
and are expected to touch $ 5 billion or 3.5 percent of GDP – several times higher than FDI flows to
our large neighbor in relative terms. Pakistan's international bond issues and...show more content...
Economic growth rates have risen from 1.8 percent in 2000/01 gradually to average 6 –7 percent a
year in the last four years making Pakistan one of the fastest growing economy in the Asia region.
For Pakistan these rates are not spectacular but a reversion to mean. The average growth rate of
GDP over 50 year period of Pakistan has been 5.2 percent per annum. Manufacturing sector output
growth was over 15 percent, exports have doubled in US dollar terms in these five years, and an
open trade regime has allowed imports from all over the world to triple. Tax revenues have risen
by 14 percent a year reducing fiscal deficit which used to average 7 percent a year in the 1990s to
average 4 percent. Current account turned around from chronic deficit to a surplus for three
successive years mainly due to renewed export growth and resurgence of workers' remittances.
Although it has become negative since 2005/06 due to phenomenonal growth in imports of
machinery and equipment and increase in world oil prices it is being fully financed by foreign
capital flows. Inflation rate during the first four years of the current government remained below 4
percent but oil price pass through and food shortages have led to 8 percent on average since
2004–05. External debt burden has been halved from 52% to 26% of GDP and is projected to be on
a declining path. The country's capacity to service its

Report On The Unemployment Of Pakistan Essay
Report on: Unemployment in Pakistan Submitted by: Aneel kumar Submitted to: Sir Muhammad
Yamman khan Class BBA–III (morning) Subject: Business communication University of Karachi
ACKNOWLGEMENT: I am grateful to my Sir Muhammad Yamman Khan who gave me this
chance to write a report. By which I got my first experience to working on a report. I have taken
efforts in this report and however It would have not been possible without the kind support and help
of my relatives and friends so thanks to all relatives, friends and others who in one way shared their
support either financially or physically. Above all to the great almighty, the author of knowledge and
wisdom, for his countless love. Without him it would not be possible. Summary: This report deals
with the unemployment that is the most focusable issue in the economy. Due to which the stability
of the economy is measured and the unemployment shifts over the business cycle as changes in the
aggregate demand and aggregate supply factor of the economy. This report deals with its types and
rate of unemployment of the several years and causes of unemployment and its impact on the
economy of Pakistan and its conclusion that how to try to clear the unemployment from the
boundary of Pakistan economy. It also shows the different aspect and reason for growing
unemployment in the economy of Pakistan. The role of government and government policies also
taken care to identify the causes of unemployment. This

INTRODUCTION
Unemployment is one of the most difficult social issues of market economics. The unemployment
shifts over the business cycles as understood as changes in aggregate demand relative to aggregate
supply. This paper deals with the information and the causes of unemployment and its impact on the
Pakistan economy. It also shows different aspects and reasons for growing unemployment in
Pakistan including its prevailing economics crisis. The role of government is also taken care of to
identify the causes of unemployment. The research is conducted about the impact of unemployment
on Pakistan economy. Study identifies the economic reasons of unemployment in Pakistan, to search
unemployment in Pakistan and Effects of social economic impact on youth of Pakistan. The research
gives information of various reasons for unemployment and its impact on the economy of Pakistan.
Those who have abilities and the will to do work, but there is lack of opportunities to get job are in
the category of unemployed. When unemployment high resources are wasted, people's income are
depressed. In the current situation the ratio of unemployed persons in Pakistan is more than 12
percent which consists of 113 million peoples. (Nizami.S; 2010)
According to latest labour survey for 2008–09, the unemployment rate has increased to 55% from
52% unemployment rate as 15 percent. (Khalil; 1999)
There are so many reasons of unemployment in Pakistan. The biggest reason is the insufficient
methods of

Pakistan Essay
Pakistan: Foreign Policy
Pakistan, a land of many splendors and opportunities, a repository of a unique blend of history and
culture for both the East and West has been the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations. The Indus
valley, is the ninth most populous Area in the world, with 134 million tough, conscientious, hard
working people wishing and striving hard to enter into the 21st century as equal partners in the
community of the different developed nations. During the last 20 years Pakistan's economy has been
one of the fastest growing in the world–the seventh fastest in Asia (www.forisb.org/fpolicy).
Pakistan's economy has been becoming large on a worldwide scale, with the annual gross domestic
product growing at more than six...show more content...
Pakistan now has a highly developed financial sector consisting of local as well as foreign
commercial banks, investment banks, leasing companies, mutual funds and varies other fund
companies. Besides providing working capital and long–term financing to the investors, these banks
offer a number of facilities such as remittance of profits/dividends and maintenance of foreign
currency accounts (www.mofa.com). Now because of this, various cities in Pakistan have developed
stock exchanges with major corporations in the U.S.
Security in Pakistan has been a major issue since the origins of the country and its controversial
creation.
The overriding objective of Pakistan's foreign policy is the safe guarding of its sovereignty, security
and territorial integrity. This is underpinned by its firm adherence to immutable principles of
interstate relations.
The violence accompanying the partition leading to the emergence of the two independent states of
Pakistan and India generated hostility, which continues to afflict relations between the two countries,
mainly because of the unresolved issue of Jammu and Kashmir. The issue is the source of continuing
tensions and conflict, and shaped the unstable and tense security environment in the region. The
historical

Economic reforms in Pakistan
ECONOMIC REFORMS IN PAKISTAN
There is a widely shared consensus about the nature of reforms that Pakistan should embark upon.
This consists of two components – stabilization and long term structural reforms. Under the first
component the economy has to be stabilized with the help of fiscal consolidation, widening of tax
net and mobilization of domestic resources, cutting down the losses of state owned corporations,
curtailing wasteful development expenditure and assigning priority to removing supply–side
bottlenecks such as energy and infrastructure, keeping inflation under control and maintaining
exchange rate stability. The second component requires governance reforms in the structure,
processes and human resource policies of the...show more content...
So leaving this popular myth aside, let us try to explore other plausible explanations for this relative
economic decline of Pakistan. For this we have to examine the cumulative experience of economic
growth and development in various periods of Pakistan's history keeping the changes in academic
thinking in different eras in the background.
Economic policies are underpinned by certain intellectual precepts, axioms, theory and evidence.
This body of knowledge does not remain static and keeps on changing with the passage of time and
emergence of new evidence. The post–colonial independence period of most developing countries
was marked by a group of charismatic political leaders who were suspicious of the policies and
advice of their erstwhile rulers and wanted to keep themselves at a distance from what the colonial
masters were preaching. This period also coincided with the appearance of a new field in economics
called Development Economics that focused on the problems of newly independent countries. The
academic tradition at that time highly embedded in Post–Keynesian Economics came up with the
notion of 'Balanced Growth', 'Big Push', 'Controlling Commanding Heights', 'Critical minimum
effort', 'Export elasticity pessimism" and "low level equilibrium trap'. The end result of this strand
of literature was advocacy of a dominant role of the State in planning, directing

Economy of Pakistan
Introduction
Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues,
some of which are confined to ill–formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources,
barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also
involving an ever–ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in
natural resources, Pakistan has so far been a developing country with limited development in every
era due to the economic problems it has been facing. In the following text we will shed light on
some of the major problems faced by Pakistan as a country, today. Following are some of the
important factors that are disturbing Pakistan's Economy:...show more content...
For the first time in years, it may have to seek external funding as Balance of Payments support.
Consequently, S&P lowered Pakistan's foreign currency debt rating to CCC–plus from B, just
several notches above a level that would indicate default. Pakistan's local currency debt rating was
lowered to B–minus from BB–minus. Credit agency Moody's Investors Service cut its outlook on
Pakistan's debt to negative from stable due to political uncertainty, though it maintained the
country's rating at B2.The cost of protection against a default in Pakistan's sovereign debt trades at
1,800 basis points, according to its five year credit default swap, a level that indicates investors
believe the country is already in or will soon be in default.
The middle term however may be less turbulent, depending on the political environment. The EIU
estimates that inflation should drop back to single digits in 2010, and that growth should pick up to
over 5% per annum by 2011. Although less than the previous 5 year average of 7%, it would
represent an overcoming of the present crisis wherein growth is a mere 3.5–4%
Pakistan economy is under its terrible crisis due to following REASONS
Г One of the immediate causes is Political instability due to Musharaf's position as president, delay
in restoring judiciary and resultantly

Past Present And Future Of Pakistan Essay
Pakistan (Past, Present & Future)
Pakistan, a country which was created to protect the rights of the Muslims living in the
sub–continent. There have been many sacrifices made to turn Qaid e Azams vision into reality. This
country has been through different phases of development in its 67 years. It has seen both ups and
downs. Pakistan is famous for many of its natural resources be it man power, minerals etc. Its army
is ranked at number 8 in the world. However, Pakistan is not doing good when it comes to
international relations. There are numerous reasons to support this statement but the main reason is
terrorism. Fighting the war on terror, Pakistan has been labeled as a terrorist country, a country that
is against world's peace. Before getting into further detail, one should know the history of Pakistan.
History: (How...show more content...
They should promote their own private sector instead of importing goods from other countries.
Pakistan imports are more than its exports which simply shows a trade deficit. In order to change
this deficit into a trade surplus, Pakistan domestic industry should be promoted.
Poverty: Poverty in Pakistan is the main reason why people are demotivated, they fail to utilize
their talent to its full capacity as they know that in the end they won't be paid enough to live a
happy life. Government should provide people with good jobs and with a decent salary. The
government should also give pensions to people above 60. Government should subsidize basic
commodities so that poor people can afford them. Education should be free so that people can send
their children to schools instead of sending them on roads to beg.
Overpopulation: People of Pakistan should be educated about the damage which overpopulation
causes to a developing country like Pakistan. The government should impose laws like once child
policy in order to stop this problem of

A Comparison of Economic Growth and Development: Pakistan and Similar Countries
Introduction
Pakistan has all the major ingredients necessary to become a developed nation; it has a geo–strategic
location, a generous availability of natural resources and a large population in the working age.
Despite having the potential to turn itself into a developed country, Pakistan has not been able to
fulfill its potential.
Israel, South Korea and Malaysia are countries in roughly the same region as Pakistan. All of these
countries came into being around the same time as Pakistan. All three of these countries have a
higher GDP (Gross Domestic Product) than Pakistan and all three of them are ranked higher in the
HDI (Human...show more content...
Marcus Noland (2005) describes the change in South Korea's initial poor economic performance to a
much improved circumstance under martial law, leading to higher domestic investment and
increasing capital accumulation, by initiating new reforms, unifying the exchange rate system,
devaluing the currency and raising the real interest rate, as well as by encouraging domestic markets
and the export industry. The rapid industrialization however,

Essay on The Economy of Afghanistan
The economy of Afghanistan has significantly enhanced since the decline of the Taliban in 2001 due
to the infusion of international assistance, the recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector
growth. Regardless of the progress of the past few years, this country is extremely poverty stricken,
highly dependent on foreign aid, and landlocked. A lot of the population continues to suffer from
shortages of jobs, clean water, electricity, medical care, and housing. Offences, insecurity, lack of
infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the
country produces obstacles to the future economic growth of Afghanistan. Afghanistan's living
standards are among the lowest in the world....show more content...
The stunting factor to the growth entrepreneurial of Afghanistan is that there is an inadequacy of
availability to infrastructure and markets.
The unemployment rate is at 35%. To put it in perspective its nearly 5 times higher than the
unemployment rate of America. This country is far away from full employment to say the least. The
misery index adds the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. 35% unemployment plus the 5.3
inflation rate leads to a misery index of 40.3, extremely high. However graphs show a positive trend
when looking at the unemployment rate.
Interests rate also affect the mindsets of home buyers. More specifically they are currently
triggering doubt. Afghanistan's property rights are damaged as it is. There is a weak protection
due to lack of property registries and land tiling database. This leads to disputes over who owns
land. An estimated 80% of land is sold informally.
As stated above Afghanistan ranks 177th in the world for education. This displays the lack of school
funding. With poor education, human capital weakens. Human capital also varies directly with
entrepreneurship, productivity, and employment.
Afghanistan's Rule of Law is damaged to say the least. The government is corrupted from the
president down to lower levels of government. Illegal opium trafficking fuels the economy with
nothing to oppose it. This trafficking is all possible under the weakly

Pakistan's economic performance over the last 20 years
Introduction
PAKISTAN'S RECENT HISTORY
In the last 20 years, Pakistan has oscillated between 3 personalities – Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif,
and Gen. (retd.) Pervez Musharraf. The current President, Asif Zardari, it can be argued, is in power
mainly because he was the husband of the late Benazir Bhutto, although he has come into his own
over the last two years.
Benazir and Sharif were both Prime Minister for two terms each, with each ending the other's term,
citing incompetency and unfitness to rule. In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf seized control
of the country and the focus of power in Pakistan shifted towards the President. In 2008, he resigned
after pressure from the newly elected government of the PPP – the legacy of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,
Benazir Bhutto and now her husband, Asif Zardari.
While the political turmoil and uncertainty of the last two decades has left the public with
weakened wills and a spiteful distrust of politicians, the country as a whole moves ever on. The
purpose of this report is to examine the progress (or in some cases deterioration) of various
indicators of economic health; and in the limited understanding of the authors, present a view of why
the particular trend is seen.
INDICATORS– WHAT & WHY
Economic indicators are important statistics one can use to measure the economy, and in a sense get
an overview of the current state of progress or regress, whichever may be the case. There

Economy Of Pakistan Essay

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