The document is a presentation by Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee on cross-cultural communication. It discusses cultural competence and identifies dimensions of identity and culture. It explores theories of cross-cultural communication and differences in cultural values. Tools for improving cross-cultural interactions are presented, including checking assumptions, self-advocacy, and listening skills. The importance of acknowledging power dynamics and cultural impacts is emphasized.
1. University of Washington
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girls’ School
What I Said and What I Meant:
Cross Cultural Communication
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
3. Agenda
Cultural Competence
Cross Cultural Communication
Cultural Identifiers, Power, and
Communication
Dialogue Tools
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
4. Culture [consists] primarily of the
symbolic, ideational, and intangible
aspects of human societies… It is the
values, symbols, interpretations, and
perspectives that distinguish one
people from another.
James A. Banks
What is Culture?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
6. Cultural Competency:
Many Models
Cultural competence is a set of
congruent behaviors, attitudes and
policies that come together in a
system, institution or individual and
enable that system, institution or
individual to work effectively in cross-
cultural situations.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Terry Cross
7. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
The Jones Model of Cultural Competence
Cultural Self-
Awareness
Cultural
Intelligence
Cross-Cultural
Effectiveness
Skills
Countering
Oppression
through
Inclusion
8. What is it?
How is it Different from Intercultural
Communication?
CCC Theories
– Face-Negotiation Theory
– Conversational Constraints Theory
– Expectancy Violation Theory
– Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory
– Communication Accommodation Theory
Cross Cultural Communication
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
9. Individual - Collectivistic
Low Context - High Context
Task - Relationship
Low Uncertainty - High Uncertainty
Vertical - Horizontal
Dimensions of Variability
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
10. Discussion: My Style
In hearing about
communication theories
and dimensions of
variability, what would you
describe as your cultural
communication? Have you
noticed stark differences
compared to others?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
11. Personality Orientation
Individual Values
- Allocentric
- Idiocentric
Self Construal
- Independent
- Interdependent
Individual Socialization
Cultural Norms and Rules
Factors that Influence
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
12. Cultural Values
Norms, and Rules
Values
Value Priorities
Norms of Behavior
Non-Verbal
Communication
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
13. CulturalValueDifferences
RELATIONAL
Individualism
self-reliance, independence
(selfish)
Collectivism
group interdependence
(mindless follower)
Informality
directness, give and take discussion
(rude and abrupt)
Formality
indirectness, protect "face"
(stiff and impersonal)
Competition
individual achievement
(egotistical, show-off)
Cooperation
group achievement
(avoiding doing work or taking responsibility)
AUTHORITY
Egalitarianism
fairness, belief in equal opportunity
(being picky, on a soapbox)
Hierarchy
privilege of status or rank
(power hungry or avoiding accountability)
TEMPORAL
Use of Time
"Time is money"
(doesn’t get the important things in life)
Passage of Time
"Time is for life"
(lazy and irresponsible)
Change/Future
Adaptability ensures survival
(muckraker, stirs up trouble)
Tradition/Past
Stability ensures survival
(old-school, afraid of change)
ACTIVITY
Action orientation
"Make things happen"
(rushes without thinking)
"Being" orientation
"Let things happen"
(indecisive and slow)
Practicality
Efficiency is always best
(impersonal and unscrupulous)
Idealism
Always maintain principles
(naïve and impractical)
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
14. Discussion: My Style
In hearing about personal
factors and value
differences, what would you
describe as your personal
influences or value
priorities? Have you
noticed stark differences
compared to others?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
16. Identifiers, Power,
and Communication
Internalized Oppression/Dominance
Stereotype Threat
Accumulated Impact/
Microaggressions
Code/Mode Switching
Fish Seeing the Water
“Normal” versus “Good”
“Intent” versus “Impact”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
17. Discussion: Dynamics of Power
How is your communication affected by
your identity and power? Using some of
the terminology introduced, discuss with a
partner or group of three what dynamics
cause conflict or misunderstanding.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
20. Assumptions and Interpretations
• Mental Models
• Ladder of Inference
Belief
Conclusions
Selective Data
Observable Data
• Tools of Action
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
21. 1. What did you see/hear (raw data)?
2. What are your personal filters (cultural
values, norms, and identifiers)?
3. What was your interpretation of what you
saw/heard (inference)?
4. How did you feel as a result?
5. What do you want?
Checking Assumptions and
Interpretations: Steps to Analyze
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
25. What We’re Thinking and Feeling
During Cross Cultural Conflict
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
What’s going on?
Did that really
happen? Do they
realize how that
makes me feel?
Should I say
something?
26. What We End Up Saying
in Cross Cultural Conflict
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
That was so
offensive/inap
propriate/stu
pid!
27. Self Advocacy Through Conflict
Affirm the person, relationship, or rights
Describe the behavior without judgment
Explain the emotion or impact and your filters
Assume positive intent
Request or suggest different behavior
*** Key Points: timing, I statements, actions not
adjectives, inside feelings not outside feelings***
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
28. I think we both have a lot to contribute to this
project. I am noticing that when we are
brainstorming, I am often in the middle of saying
something when you jump in to add your
perspective. I was raised to wait until someone is
finished talking before adding your piece. I am
also someone who easily loses his train of
thought. So when you jump in, I wonder if you
value what I have to say and often feel frustrated
that a coherent thought got derailed. I know
you’re probably just excited to contribute. What
I’d appreciate is if you can make an effort to let me
finish my thought when I am speaking. I’ll try to
be concise so you can contribute your piece.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Self Advocacy Through Conflict: An Example
29. Self Advocacy Through Conflict: An Example
I appreciate having you as a colleague, and I think
we respect each other’s work. I’d like to talk to
you about something that’s getting in the way of
working really well together. Earlier today, when
we were disagreeing about budgets, I heard you
say, “You’re being overdramatic,” and later, you
called me a “drama queen.” I was hurt when I
heard these things. I am passionate and express
myself openly. As a woman, I am often
misinterpreted as too emotional and that my
concerns are drama rather than real issues. I’d
like to express myself authentically without
fearing judgment. I imagine you didn’t mean for
me to feel that way. Can I ask that you please not
say things like that anymore?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
31. What We’re Thinking and Feeling
When Witnessing Conflict
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
I can’t believe this
is happening.
That’s SO not
right. Should I
say something?
Am I butting in?
Would it help?
32. What We End Up Saying
When Witnessing Conflict
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
33. NCBI Effective
Interventions Model
Reduce Defensiveness
– Tone
– Body Language
– Respect
Keep the Conversation Going
– Hear Them Out
– Ask Open-Ended Questions
– Set Aside Your Feeling for the Moment
– Dialogue
Build the Relationship
Change the Behavior
Improve Competency
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
34. Intervening in Conflict: Examples
Ask open ended questions
– “He’s being lazy”
– “What does lazy or productive look like to you? Have you talked to him about that?”
Find out the experience motivating the comment
– “Why can’t they just speak English around here?”
– “It must be hard not to understand what people are saying around you.”
– “She’s impossible to work with!”
– “You seem pretty frustrated. Tell me more about about what’s going on.”
Use exaggerated humor to highlight what’s going on
(use sparingly)
– “You’re gay – what do gay people think about this issue?”
– “I’m not sure – I’ll go ask. It may take me a while, since there are so many of us.”
Join the person and do not make yourself superior
– “They are being so impersonal and cold.”
– “You know, I used to think the same thing. Here’s what I found out that helped me
understand.”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
35. Listening to the Real Message
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
36. What Was Said During the Intervention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Those words or
actions are
hurtful to me.
Please stop.
37. What We Hear During the Intervention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
You are a
bad, bad
person, and I
hate you!
38. What We Should Hear
During the Intervention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
You are basically a good
and decent person. As
with all of us, and you
may not know how your
actions are impacting
others. I am going to
give you the gift of
information so that your
intentions and impacts
match up.
39. When You’re Told About
the Impact You Created
Listen with full attention
Don’t try to defend or respond right away
– Take deep breaths
– Acknowledge your feelings
Prioritize the Impact over Intent
– Apologize for real
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
40. When You’re Told About
Impact You Created: Examples
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
“I really appreciate your telling me this.”
“I’m so embarrassed that I did that.”
“I’m so sorry my words and actions made you feel
that way. No matter what I intended, it hurt you.”
“I’m pretty overwhelmed right now, and I don’t
want to respond in a way I’d regret. Do you think
you can help me come up with a better way to
handle that situation after I take a few minutes?”
“I wanted to go back to a moment I don’t think I
handled very well… Can we talk?”
43. “To be culturally effective doesn’t
mean you are an authority in the
values and beliefs of every culture.
What it means is that you hold a
deep respect for cultural differences
and are eager to learn, and willing to
accept, that there are many ways of
viewing the world”
Okokon O. Udo
Cultural Effectiveness
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
44. Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girls’ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org
http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
45. Communication Resources
• “Stereotype Threat” by Joshua Aronson
• Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating
Social Identity
• William Gudykunst, Cross-Cultural and Intercultural
Comunication
• Milton Bennett, PhD, Intercultural Communication
Institute www.intercultural.org
• “Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures” by Erica
Hagen, Intercultural Communication Resources
• Thiagi.com
• Thrive! Team Dynamics
• http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/action_science_
history.htm
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
46. Microaggression Resources
• Anti-Defamation League
• Brené Brown
• Cross Cultural Connections
(www.CulturesConnecting.com)
• National Coalition Building Institute
• The People’s Institute
• Stirfry Seminars
• Teaching Tolerance
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
47. Miscellaneous Resources
• Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, “Privilege and
Power,” Summer Diversity Institute, National Association
of Independent Schools, 2009
• Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock
• Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education
Network) www.glsen.org
• Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference
• Johnnie McKinley, “Leveling the Playing Field and Raising
African American Students’ Achievement in Twenty-nine
Urban Classrooms,” New Horizons for Learning,
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/
mckinley.htm
Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)