H Ein Korea Ife2020 1 1

Higher Education Issues in Korea Based on HE as Public Goods and Private Commodities ,[object Object]

Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Economic development 61.4 (2003) 60.7 60.5 62.2 60.0 59.0 47.6 Labor force Participation rate (%) 23 (2003) 22 21 21 19 14 10 Labor force (Millions) 3.5 4.1 6.8 2.6 2.4 5.2 4.4 Unemployment rate (%) 12,646 9,675 6,843 10,363 7,751 2,324 650 GNI per capita (US$) 48 47 46 46 43 38 32 Population (Millions) 2004 2000 1998 1997 1990 1980 1970

School leavers choice 2002 (1990) Graduation from Year 12 Secondary School 4 year Universities 2 year Jr. Colleges 18.1% (33.7%) Post Grad Study 8.6% (7.7%) of Graduates 56.4% (52.3%) of Graduates Non-economic activity population Work 9.7% (37.8%) 23.9% (11.7%) 54.3% (20.0%) 37.7% (48.2%) of Graduates 12.4% (7.4%) of Graduates 25.0% (22.4%) of Graduates 31.1% (37.0%) of Graduates

Rapid Reduce of HS Graduates ,[object Object],[object Object]

year Admission openings(A) High school graduates(B) Difference (B-A) Ratio(A/B) 1965 38,560 115,776 77,212 33.30% 1970 54,550 145,062 90,512 37.60% 1975 94,325 263,369 169,044 35.80% 1980 223,845 467,388 243,543 47.90% 1985 305,450 642,354 336,904 47.60% 1990 388,510 761,922 373,412 51.00% 1995 565,750 671,614 105,864 84.20% 1998 689,320 736,889 49,481 93.50% 2000 712,775 788,801 76,026 90.40% 2002 712,775 726,707 13,932 98.10% 2003 715,041 642,888 -72,153 111.20% 2005 715,041 611,713 -103,328 116.90% 2010 715,041 697,897 -17,714 102.40%

Public educational expenditures (% GDP) (Source : Education at a Glance, 2004)

Higher education sector is divided into the following segments: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Governance of HE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Financial and human resources invested in HE ,[object Object],Type B** Type A * 94 66 70 79 $ 26,636 $ 35,179 $ 26,685 $ 15,916 GDP per capita(’01) 0.5 1.5 1.3 0.5 Public expenditure on HE as a percentage of GDP 62 17.1 $ 22,234 US 73 15.4 $ 12,319 OECD 11.2 - Ratio of students to teaching staff 86 74 Survival rates in tertiary education $11,164 $ 6,618 Expenditure per student(’01) Japan Korea

MOE at Risk!!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

College admission system dominates K-12 education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Relative performance of HE is not as good as E&SE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Science Citation Index

Extent of specialization is too low ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Korea U S 53% 19% 20% 8% 44% 4% 13% 39% Associate Bachelor Master Doctorate

Stakeholders are disconnected ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HE is not prepared for an aging population

Nor is it matched up to a structural change in the economy

2. Quality Assurance and External Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Differentiation(specialization) of HE

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. Differentiation(specialization) of HE

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Internalization of HE

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. Internalization of HE

5. Reform of univ admission system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GPA (HS grade point average) ,[object Object],[object Object],Interview ,[object Object],[object Object],Admission based on residence, SES.. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) 2008 NOW

“ Three Don’t” Policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6. Funding for Quality: Brain Korea 21 (BK21) Project

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7. Funding for Equity: NURI ( New Universities for Regional Innovation)

Five Issues Issues Government’s policy Universities 1. Corporatization Laws was enacted Public Univs: Pro & Con Private: Pro 2. Quality Assurance New QAA is pending at National Assembly Pro & Con 3. Differentiation Implementing with funding Competing for funding 4. Internationalization Implementing with funding Different stages by universities 5. Entrance exam Looking for diverse criteria: SAT, GPA, Special talent More autonomy by major private univs Respect govt's policy by public univs except major univs 5-1. GPA(HS) expanding more portion of GPA Distrusted by private universities 5-2. Donation for entrance prohibiting from introducing Strong support by major private univs 6. Funding for the quality BK 21(1st and 2nd) Competing for funding 7. Funding for equity(RD and RI) NURI Competing for fuding

[object Object],[object Object]

H Ein Korea Ife2020 1 1

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