2. Preterite- usage Trigger Words -car,-gar,-zars Spock verbs Cucaracha verbs Snake/snakeys Imperfect-usage Trigger words Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Ser estar Verbs like gustar Comparatives/superlatives Connecter words Future Trigger words Irregulars Por Por expressions Para Para expressions Table of Contents
3. Usar el preterito Actions at one time/single events Actions repeated a specific number of times Actions that occurred during a specific period of time Actions as part of a chain of events The beginning or end of an action PEBS eriod of time R.A.C.E. Repeated Action nd of an action Chain of Events eginning of an action ingle events
4. Trigger words Ayer (yesterday) Anteayer (day before yesterday) Anoche (last night) La semanapasada (last week) El mespasado (last month) El añopasado (last year) El fin de semanapasado (last weekend) El __________ pasado (insert: lunes, martes, miercoles, etc.)
5. -car, -gar, -zars -car, -gar, -zar -qué, -gué, -cé **ONLY CHANGE IN THE YO FORM!**
7. Cucarachas: Andar Estar Poder Poner Querer Saber Tener Venir Anduv- Estuv- Pud- Pus- Quis- Sup- Tuv- Vin-
8. -ar s and –er s do NOT change in the preterite. -ir s change e:i and o:u in third person singular and plural For verbs that end in double letters (such as creer or leer), change the third person singular and plural to –yó and –yeron respectively. Snakes/Snakeys leer Leí leímos leíste leísteis Leyó leyeron creer creí creímos creíste creísteis creyó creyeron preferir preferípreferimospreferistepreferisteisprefirióprefirieron dormirdormídormimosdormistedormisteisdurmiódurmieron
9. el imperfecto Use for… Habits Telling actions that precede another past action Telling time Age Mental states ** Physical sensations ** Describe characteristics CAMP haracteristics P.a.TH Past Action ge ime ental condition abits hysical condition ** = usually
10. TRIGGER WORDS Todos Every Veces Some Cada every Mucho much Nunca never Siempre always Frequentemente frequently Generalmente generally
11. Irregulars: SER era eras era éramos erais eran IR iba ibas iba íbamos ibais iban VER veía veías veía veíamos veíais veían
12.
13. D- descriptions Es unalapiz. O- origin Es de Guatemala. C- characteristics Es rubia. T- time Es la una. O- occupation Es un doctor. R- relationship Es mi mama. P- possession Estolapizes de Maria. E- events La fiesta es en el parque. D- dates Hoy esdomingo. Ser – DOCTOR PED
14. H- health Estoyenferma. E- emotion Estoytriste. L- location Esta en la caja. P- present condition La claseestaaburrida. ING- -ando Estoyjugando. -iendo Estascomiendo. -yendo** Estanleyendo. **-- only for 3 vowels in a row (like leer– leiendo = leyendo= ) Estar--- HELP-ing
30. The comparison of one thing to another (better/worse/more) Shows: Superiority (Mas… que) Inferiority (Menos… que) Equality (tan… como) (tanto… como) Mas +noun/pronoun +que When using mas/menos, use of “que…” is optional. El esmas alto queella = El esmas alto. For tan/tantocomo, you MUST use the noun. El es tan guapocomo el otro. Indicates the best/worst/most of something Shows The most superior (el masque) The most inferior (el menosque) definite article + noun + más or menos + adjective Comparative / Superlative
31. Connecter Words Aunque También Mientras A pesar de Pero Por lo tanto Sin embargo/no obstante Even though Also While In spite of But Therefore Nevertheless
32. El Futuro YO--- infinitive+é TU--- infinitive+ás EL--- infinitive+á NOSOTROS--- infinitive+emos VOSOTROS--- infinitive+éis ELLOS--- infinitive+án Doesn’t matter what the verb endings are– it’s always the same.
33. Mañana _____ queviene Despues de ____, ___ Tomorrow ____ that comes (next) After ___, _____. Triggers
34. Irregulars in the Future tense Decir Hacer Poner Salir Tener Valer Venir Poder Querer Saber Caber Haber (auxillary verb) Dir+ending Har+ending Pondr+ending Saldr+ending Tendr+ending Valdr+enging Vendr+ending Podr+ending Querr+ending Sabr+ending Cabr+ending Habr+eding OR he ____
35. Por Use for Passing through General location How long something lasts Cause of something An exchange Doing something for someone else A means of transportation PORtal PORtugal PORever PORpose imPORt I’m POR, pay for me. transPORtation
36. poradelantadoin advance porahorafor now porallíaround there; that way poramor de Diosfor the love of God poraquíaround here; this way porcasualidadby chance porcientopercent porciertocertainly porcompletocompletely pordentroinside pordesgraciaunfortunately porejemplofor example poresotherefore por favorplease por finfinally por lo generalgenerally por lo vistoapparently pormedio deby means of por lo menosat least por lo tantoconsequently por mi parteas for me porningúnladonowhere porotra parteon the other hand palabraporpalabraword for word porprimeravezfor the first time porseparadoseparately porsupuestoof course porsuertefortunately portodasparteseverywhere portodosladoson all sides porúltimofinally Por Expressions
37. Para For whom something was done Destination Purpose of something that was done To express an opinion To contrast/ compare To express a deadline Surprise PARAty Going to PARAguay In order to prePARA It’s PARAfect! ComPARAson My PARAper is due tomorrow!
38. estarpara to be about to paraentonces by that time paraesaépoca by that time paraotravez for another occasion paraque so that, in order that ¿paraqué? why? for what purpose? ¿Para quéechar la sogatras el caldero? Why throw good money after bad? parasiempre forever paravariar just for a change ser talparacual to be two of a kind Para Expressions
