Unit 1 week 3

A. Read the information about Adam.
Answer your partner’s questions.
A. Now ask your partner these questions about Vicky.
(Use the present continuous or the simple present.)
1. How many subjects _______ (Vicky / take) this year?
What _______ (they / be)?
2. _______ (she / take) a class in her favorite subject area?
What class is it?
3. _______ (she / want / go) to medical school?
4. _______ (she / ever / study) on Saturdays?
B. Ask your partner these questions about Adam.
(Use the present continuous or the simple present.)
1. How many subjects _______ (Adam / take) this year?
What _______ (they / be)?
2. _______ (he / take) a class in his favorite subject area this year?
What class is it?
3. _______ (he / want / go) to law school?
4. _______ (he / ever / study) on Sundays?
B. Now read the information about Vicky.
Answer your partner’s questions.
Work with a partner.
(Simple Present vs. Present Continuous Review)

1. How many subjects is Vicky studying this year?
She’s studying 3 subjects this year.
What are they?
She’s taking biology, world geography and music.
2. Is she taking a class in her favorite subject area?
Yes, she is taking a class in her favorite subject area which is the arts.
What class is it?
She’s taking music.
3. Does she want to go to medical school?
No, she doesn’t. She wants to go to law school.
4. Does she ever study on Saturdays?
No, she never studies on Saturdays.
1. How many subjects is Adam studying this year?
He’s studying 3 subjects this year.
What are they?
He’s taking physics, American history and music.
2. Is he taking a class in his favorite subject area this year?
Yes, he’s taking a class in his favorite subject area which is science.
What class is it?
He’s taking physics.
3. Does he want to go to law school?
No, he doesn’t. He wants to go to medical school.
4. Does he ever study on Sundays?
Yes, he always studies on Sundays.

Lesson B: Interactions, p.6
“Prohibition and Obligation”

Do pair work with your partner.
40 kilometers per hour.
40 kilometers an hour.

You can’t…
You’re not allowed to…
You’re not permitted to…
use cell phones.
swim here.
drive over 40 km/h.
You have to…
You need to…
You must… stop at a stop sign.
wash your hands.
drive under 40 km/h.

B – answers
1. You can’t wear blue jeans in the office.
2. You have to turn off your cell phone.
3. You can’t listen to music.
4. You need to wash your cup.
5. You’re not permitted to eat at your desk.
6. You have to put more paper in the copy machine
(photocopier).

Zero conditional sentences
describe things that are
generally true.

They use two clauses.
A clause contains
a subject and a verb.

There are
independent clauses
(contain a complete thought)

and
dependent clauses.
(support the main clause)

For example:
Linda eats breakfast everyday.

For example:
S + V

For example:
S + V
independent clause
(complete thought)

For example:
Linda eats breakfast after she watches the news.

For example:
S + V

For example:
S + V
dependent clause
(it doesn’t make sense alone)

Zero conditional sentences use
both of these clauses.
If we heat ice, it melts.
dependent independant

In zero conditional sentences, we say
if clause main clause
(condition) (result)

If

If + simple present

If + simple present,

If + simple present, simple present.

The clauses can also be reversed

if clause main clause
(condition) (result)
Ice melts if we heat it.
main clause if clause
(result) (condition)
When the main clause is first you don’t use the comma.

ZERO CONDITIONALS
FORM/STRUCTURE
If clause (condition) main clause (result)
If + simple present…, + simple present
Positive Sentences
If babies are hungry, they cry.
You get burned if you touch fire.
If I go to bed late, I wake up late.
You pay higher income taxes when you earn more money.
Negative Sentences
If you do not exercise, you gain weight.
If you exercise, you do not gain weight.
If I don’t study, I don’t do well on tests.
If I study, I do well on tests.
Questions
Does ice melt if you heat it?
When do you wake up if you have to work?
If you have to work, when do you wake up?

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You
may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you
change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.
In zero conditional sentences, you can replace "if" with "when", because
both express general truths. The meaning will be unchanged.
Examples
If you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts if you heat it.
When you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts when you heat it.
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
The grass gets wet if it rains.
When it rains, the grass gets wet.
The grass gets wet when it rains.
ZERO CONDITIONALS
CLAUSE ORDER/IF WHEN

1. Rules
If you take your cell phone into class, turn it off.
If you drink alcohol, don’t drive.
Do not use a calculator when you write the test.
2. Scientific Facts and General Truths
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
If you drop something, it falls.
When you combine oil and water, they do not mix.
3. Cause and Effect
If you push the button, the volume increases.
If you close the door, it locks automatically.
The computer turns off when you disconnect the battery.
4. Routine
I wear my boots when I work.
She wears glasses when she drives.
When I cook, I use olive oil.
ZERO CONDITIONALS
FUNCTION/USES

Now do the grammar
questions on p.9 and
check your answers on
the next slide.

f
a
c
d
b
e
Page 9, Grammar 3A

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Unit 1 week 3

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