Healthcare quality

1. 1
Quality Measurement Tools

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Objectives
 Present an overview of Seven Quality Tools
 Address purpose and applications
 Highlight benefits
 Why Do This "Quality"?
The Deming Chain
 Improve Quality
 Decrease Costs
 Improve Productivity
 Decrease Price
 Increase Market
 Provide More Jobs
 Return on Investment

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Cycle of Quality Improvement
Seven Quality Tools
 Cause and Effect Diagrams
 Flow Charts
 Check sheets
 Histograms
 Pareto Charts

4. 4
 Control Charts
 Scatter Diagrams
Brainstorming Quality tool
 Brainstorming is a procedure that allows a group to express
problem areas, ideas, solutions, or needs.
 It allows each participant to state their opinion in a non-threatening
environment.
 Brainstorming helps a group create many ideas in as short a time as
possible.
Rules
• Best in a diverse group
• Go around room and get input from all – one idea per turn
• Continue until ideas are exhausted
• All ideas are valid
• No criticism
• Discuss ideas

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• Look for answers
Cause and Effect (Fishbone Diagram) Quality Tool
Purpose:
 A Cause & Effect Diagram is a graphic representation used when
you need to identify, explore, and display the possible causes of a
specific problem or condition.
 “Fishboning” represents a sophisticated form of brainstorming.
Benefits:
 Breaks problems down into bite-size pieces to find root cause
 Fosters team work
 Common understanding of factors causing the problem
 Road map to verify picture of the process
 Follows brainstorming relationship.

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Flow Charts Quality Tool
Purpose:
Visual illustration of the sequence of operations required to complete a
task
 Schematic drawing of the process to measure or
improve.
 Starting point for process improvement.
 Potential weakness in the process are made visual.
 Picture of process as it should be.
Benefits:
 Identify process improvements
 Understand the process
 Shows duplicated effort and other non-value-added
steps

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 Clarify working relationships between people and
organizations
 Target specific steps in the process forimprovement.
Checksheets (Quality Tool)
Purpose:
 Tool for collecting and organizing measured or counted data
 Data collected can be used as input data for other quality
tools
Benefits:
 Collect data in a systematic and organized manner
 To determine source of problem
 To facilitate classification of data (stratification)
Histograms (Quality Control Tool)
 A graphic summary of variation in a set of data.
 The pictorial nature of the histogram lets people see patterns that
are difficult to detect in a simple table of number.
 A histogram is a picture of the statistical variation in your process.

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Purpose:
 To determine the spread or variation of a set of data points in a
graphical form.
Benefits:
• Understand the variation that exists in a process
• Tell you to unseen causes of variation.
• Help to identify otherwise hidden sources of variation
• Used to determine the capability of a process
• Starting point for the improvement process
Pareto Charts (Quality Control Tool)
Purpose:
 Prioritize problems.
How is it done?
 Create a preliminary list of problem classifications.
 Tally the occurrences in each problem classification.
 Arrange each classification in order from highest to lowest

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 Construct the bar chart
Benefits:
 Pareto analysis helps graphically display results so the significant
few problems emerge from the general background
 It tells you what to work on first
Control Charts (Quality Control Tool)
Purpose:
 The primary purpose of a control chart is to predict expected
product outcome.
Benefits:
 Predict process out of control and out of specification limits
 Distinguish between specific, identifiable causes of variation
 Can be used for statistical process control
Common Causes
 Are inherently part of the process.

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 Minute, partially unknown.
 Difficult to control.
 Normal or natural process.
SpecialCauses (Assignable)
 Are not part of the process.
 A large, special, easier to pinpoint.
 Need to be identified quickly to stabilize process.
 Specific problems.
Control Charts Quality Control Tool
 Strategy for eliminating assignable-cause variation.
 Strategy for reducing common-cause variation.
Scatter Diagrams Quality Control Tool
Purpose:
 A scatter diagram shows the correlation between two variables in a
process.
 Dots representing data points are scattered on the diagram.

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 The extent to which the dots cluster together in a line across the
diagram shows the strength with which the two factors are related.