Crises management

1. Reconstruction &
Development

2. Outlines
•Introduction
•Definitions of some terms
•Principles of reconstruction
•Disaster Management
•The scope of a disaster may be
•Sectors can be vulnerable to disaster impact
•Phases of Disaster Management:
•Definition of Recovery
•Definition of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
•Aim of Rehabilitation

3.  Characteristics of Reconstruction
 Post Disaster Reconstruction andRehabilitation
 Activities for speedy recovery in disaster hit areas.
 Governmental role in Reconstruction:
 Administrative Relief
 Reconstruction of Houses Damaged / Destroyed
 Military Assistance
 Medical Care
 Epidemics
 Corpse Disposal
 Salvage
Out line

4. •Recovery, risk reduction and development
•Factors affecting international development
policy
The role of disaster risk reduction and
development
•Sustainable development
Out line

5. Introduction
Disaster management includes four phases; mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery. Rehabilitation relates
to the work undertaken in the following weeks and months, for
the restoration of basic services to enable the population to
return to normalcy. The reconstruction is a rebuilding
measure that involves building the confidence, self-respect,
self-esteem, self-dependency, mutual support and trust and
the rebuilding of communities. In order to have a successful
completion of disaster reconstruction it is important to include
the participation of social actors of the community.

6. Definitions of some terms:
Recovery:Recovery is used to describe the activities
that encompass the three overlapping phases of
emergency relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation includes the provision of
temporary public utilities and housing as interim
measures to assist long-term recovery

7. Reconstruction:Reconstruction attempts to return
communities to improved pre-disaster functioning. It includes
such as the replacement of buildings; infrastructure and
lifeline facilities so that long-term development prospects are
enhanced rather than reproducing the same conditions, which
made an area or population vulnerable in the first place.
Development:In an evolving economy, the development
process is an ongoing activity. Long-term prevention/disaster
reduction measures

8. Principles of reconstruction
1.In reconstruction the most vulnerable and marginalized
sections like women, children, the poorest section of society,
etc. are the primary stakeholders who need to be considered
as partners in the empowering process.
2.The processes of recovery and reconstruction can go
beyond the provision of basic needs.
3.The recovery activities, which include both short and long
term, continue until all systems return to normal or improved
status.

9. 4.The rehabilitation phase includes medium
term interventions such as
 construction of transitional housing,
 provision of basic food to the affected population,
 provision of social services,
 road clearing,
 income generation,
 water system rehabilitation

10. The scope of a disaster may be
 One room
 One floor
 One building
 One organization
 One community
 One region
 One nation

11. Sectors can be vulnerable to disaster impact, and which,
therefore, will require rehabilitaton and reconstruction inputs:
• Buliding
• Infrastructure
• Economic assets(including formal and formal commercial
sectors,industrial and agricultural activities etc)
• Diminstrative and political
• Psychological
• Cultural
• Social
• Environmental

12. Aim of Rehabilitation
1.Enable basic services to resume functioning
.2.Assist victims.
3.Self-help efforts to repair physical damage and community
facilities.
4.Revive economic activities
5.Provide support for the psychological and social wellbeing of
the survivors.

13. Characteristics of Reconstruction
1.Must be fully integrated into long-term development plans.
2.Take into account future disaster risks.
3.Possibilitiesto reduce such risks by incorporating
appropriate measures.
4.Damaged structures and services may not necessarily be
restored in their previous form or location.
5.It may include the replacement of any temporary
arrangements established as part of emergency response or
rehabilitation.

14. Activities for speedy
recovery in disaster hit
areas.
• Damage assessment
• Disposal debris
• Disbursement of assistance packages
• Monitoring and review
• Cases of non-starters,rejected cases,non-occupancy of houses

15. Relocation
Town planning and development plans
Reconstruction as housing replacement policy
Awareness and capacity building
Housing insurance, grievance red ressal.
Cont…………..

16. Governmental role in Reconstruction
• The contribution of both government as
well as affected people is significant to deal
with all the issues properly.

17. 1)Administrative Relief
• The issue of essential commodities,
• group assistance to the affected people,
• Damage assessment and administrating
appropriate rehabilitation and restoration
measures.

18. • When a disaster is apprehended, the entire machinery of
the district, including the officers of technical and other
departments, swings into action and maintains almost
continuous contact with each village in the disaster
threatened area.
• Once the rescue phase is over, the district administration
shall provide immediate relief assistance either in cash or
in kind to the victims of the disaster.
Cont………

19. 2)Reconstruction of Houses Damaged /
Destroyed Houses
should be reconstructed in the disaster hit areas according to the following
Instructions: 1.Owner Driven Reconstruction
2.Public Private Partnership Program (PPPP)
3.All the houses should be insured.
4.Financial, technical and material assistance provided by the government.
5.The designs for seismic reconstruction of houses provided by the
government

20. 3)Military Assistance
If the district administration feels that the situation is
beyond its control then immediate military assistance
could be sought for carrying out the relief operations.

21. 4)Medical Care
Specialized Medical Care may be required to
help the affected population. Preventive
medicine may have to be taken to prevent
outbreak of diseases.

22. 5)Epidemics
The strategy should be to:
• Subdue such sources of epidemic diseases and
immunize the population against them.
• Vaccination drives.
• Public awareness to drink boiled water.
• Use chlorine tablets to purify the water sources.

23. 6)Corpse Disposal
Disposal of dead bodies is to be carried out as a part
of the operation to prevent outbreak of epidemics.The
following points may be considered by the concerned
authorities at the time of corpse disposal:
1.Mass photographs of corpses.
2. Consent of the relatives or hand over to them

24. 7)Salvage
• A major effort is needed to salvage destroyed structure and
property
• .Essential services like communications, roads, bridges,
electricity would have to be repaired and restored for
normalization of activities.

25. Recovery, risk reduction and development
Disaster management is a development issue, with poorer
countries at greater risk and less able to respond to natural
disasters, and with is being seen as an increasingly
important element of international development policy,
alongside mainstreaming disaster risk reduction. For many
reasons, disasters and development are inextricably linked
and disaster recovery represents an important opportunity
for making things better than they were before–
̳reconstruction-plus.

26. Factors affecting international development
policy
1.Linking relief, rehabilitation and development
(LRRD)
2.Recovery offering an opportunity to improve things
on the ground
.3.Public awareness of disaster risks
4.The existence or absence of a culture of
preparedness

27. 5.The existence or absence of a culture of
preparedness and risk reduction at the community
level
6.The lack of an early warning system and knowledge
of how to respond.
7.Local, preparedness is key‘ (Fritz Institute, 2005,
p.8).
Cont………….

28. The role of disaster risk reduction and
development
1.It implies giving greater attention to pre-disaster
planning and preparedness, and sharing the lessons
from previous disasters
2.Much effort has gone into developing disaster risk
reduction policy and institutions on a global scale.

29. 3.A sea change in thinking about natural disasters as
something more than an ̳Act of God‘ occurred
following a series of disasters with an International
Strategy
4.Increasing recognition of the links between natural
disasters and development and the particular
vulnerability of poor people and poor countries to
disaster impacts.
Cont……..

30. Sustainable development
The World Commission on Environment and
Development (also known as the ―Brund tland
Commission‖) has defined ―sustainable development‖
in terms of livelihood security

31. Livelihoodis defined as access to adequate food and cash to
meet basic needs.
Security refers to secure ownership of, or access to,
resources and income-earning activities, including reserves
and assets to offset risk, ease shocks and meet contingencies.
Sustainable refers to the maintenance or enhancement of
resource productivity on a long-term basis (World
Commission on Environment and Development, 1987b).