This document discusses various atraumatic dental extraction techniques that aim to minimize trauma and preserve alveolar bone and soft tissues. It describes lever-based extraction devices like the Physics Forceps that use class I lever mechanics to remove teeth with rotational movements. It also discusses endoscopically assisted root splitting which allows extraction of individual root fragments without osseous defects. Another technique described is use of the Powertome electric periotome which separates Sharpey's fibers to facilitate atraumatic tooth removal. The goal of these techniques is to preserve options for immediate dental implants or reduce ridge defects from conventional extractions.

1. MANTHRU NAIK RAMAVATH
PG IN DEPT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
GDC, VIJAYAWADA

2.  While traditional dental extraction techniques encourage minimal trauma,
luxated elevation and forceps removal often results in fracture or
deformation of the dentoalveolar housing.
 This trauma typically results in post extraction ridge defects that may
preclude treatment with dental implants or result in sub-pontic food traps
when traditional fixed partial dentures are used.
 These problems may be avoided with “atraumatic” extraction techniques.
 Atraumatic extraction preserves bone, gingival architecture, and allows for
the option of future or immediate dental implant placement

3. A “traditional” dental
forceps removes a tooth similar to
how a pair of pliers removes a
nail.
A claw hammer uses
class I lever mechanics, with the
handle one lever, the head of the
hammer as the fulcrum, and the
claw as the short lever applied to
the nail. The Physics Forceps uses
a similar action to remove a tooth.

4.  developed by Golden in 2004
 uses first-class lever mechanics
 One handle of the device is connected to a
“bumper,” which acts as a fulcrum during the
extraction .Bumper is placed approxiamately at
the level of mucogingival junction.
 The beak of the extractor is positioned most
often on the lingual or palatal root of the tooth
and into the gingival sulcus

6. •Revolutionary beak and bumper design that allows for efficient atraumatic
extractions using only wrist movement based on a Class I lever.
•When this technique is first attempted, a conscious effort must be made
to retrain your hands to not squeeze the instruments and to not pull with your arm.
•Applies a steady rotational trauma to the periodontal ligament quantitatively
creating a release of hyaluronidase in a shorter period of time than traditional
forceps or elevator extractions because the trauma from these conventional
techniques is intermittent

7. Creep is expanding the
bone and rupturing the periodontal
ligament.
The tooth is rotated
slightly and elevated from the
socket.

8. •Endoscopically assisted root splitting (EARS) is a new technique for root removal
wothout ostectomy.
•EARS has revealed to be a valuable tool to avoid alveolar crest trauma during
exodontia especially in anterior esthetic zone.

9. •The surgeon works in a 9 o`clock position observing the operation site on a
video screen via a Storz Hopkins support endoscope.
•The support endoscope is placed adjacent to the surgical site using the
spatula of the support tube for maintenance of distance

10.  The crown is removed completely via transversal separation at the level of
the gingiva.
 identification of the root canal
 enlargement of the canal
-Gates burs and/ or Lindemann straight burs in a low speed surgical
handpiece
 RS (Longitudinal root splitting)
-Using straightor angulated elevators
-splitting of the root makes it possible to remove the fragments
without pressure against the surrounding tissues

11.  implosion technique
-fragments are mobilized towards the center of the alveolous
 Removal
-under endoscopic control using small Bein elevators or a tissue forceps
 If an apical root fragment is present following splitting, it can easily be
identified endoscopically and removed separately with a Heidbrink elevator
or a root forceps

13.  Applied by Engelke et al. (2011) for removal of fully impacted third
mandibular molars via an occlusal approach. They showed, that the buccal
bone loss could be reduced to a mean of 2.1mm in situations with complete
retention
 Fuentes et al. (2012) reported the importance of support endoscopy in the
removal of third mandibular molars to avoid inferior alveolar nerve damage
and bone defect formation.

14.  no surgical manipulation of the alveolar walls
 Avoiding mucoperiosteal flap reflection
 no force transmission towards neighbouring teeth

no incision
 no osteotomy
 reduction of pain andswelling of the surrounding tissues
 Endoscopic control of surgical area

15.  In case of complete ankylosis
 time required for RS compared with osteotomy at present seems to be larger
 Limited literature

16. Powertome® is an electric unit that has a handpiece with a periotome blade that
is controlled by a foot switch.
Employ the mechanisms of “wedging” and “severing” to facilitate tooth removal

17.  Periotomes are composed of very thin metallic blades that are gently
wedged down the periodontal ligament (PDL) space in a repetitive
circumferential fashion.
 In addition to minimally invasive luxation, the periotome blade severs
Sharpey’s fibers that secure the tooth within the socket.
 Once a majority of Sharpey’s fibers have been separated from the root
surface rotational movements allow for extraction of the tooth with minimal
lateral pressure.

18. Powertome® blade advanced in a
”sweeping” fashion.
Powertome® blade advanced down PDL.
Rotational movement of root with forceps.
Atraumatic removal of the tooth.

19. Note the preservation of gingival and osseous
structures.
Dental implant fixture delivery.
LIMITATIONS
May take longer time than conventional technique.
Provider fatigue