Introduction to physics

WHAT IS PHYSICS? ,[object Object],[object Object]

HAVE YOU EVER WONDER? ,[object Object],How your image can be formed on mirror?

Forces and pressure Electric and Electronic Wave Electromagnetism

Physical quantity ,[object Object],[object Object],Base quantity Derived quantity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Base quantity Derived quantity Base Quantity SI units Length, l metres, m Mass, m kilogram, kg Time, t second, s Temperature, T Kelvin, k Electrical current, I Ampere, A Derived Quantity Units Volume, V m 3 Density,  kgm -3 Velocity, v ms -1 Force, F N Acceleration, a ms -2

Prefixes ,[object Object],Prefix Symbol Multiplication factor Value Tera T × 10 12 1 000 000 000 000 Giga G × 10 9 1 000 000 000 Mega M × 10 6 1 000 000 Kilo k × 10 3 1000 Deci d × 10 -1 0.1 Centi c × 10 -2 0.01 Milli m × 10 -3 0.001 Micro  × 10 -6 0.000001 Nano n × 10 -9 0.000000001 Pico p × 10 -12 0.000000000001

Scientific notation/ Standard form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conversion unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1.3.1 Measure physical quantity using appropriate instruments. ,[object Object],b) Thermometer c) Stopwatch Function Sensitivity Measure length from a few cm up to 1m 0.1 cm Function Sensitivity Measure temperature. 1 o C / 2 o C Function Sensitivity Measure time intervals. 0.1 s to 0.2 s

[object Object],e) Voltmeter f) Measuring tape Function Sensitivity Measure electric current. 0.1 A / 0.2 A Function Sensitivity Measure potential difference / voltage. 0.1 V / 0.2 V Function Sensitivity Measure long distance, circumference of round object. 1.0 cm

[object Object],Function Sensitivity Measure length, diameter inner and outer and depth object with dimension up to 12.0 cm . 0.01 cm

Function Main scale Scale of 0.1 cm to 12 cm Inside jaws Measure internal diameter Outside jaws Measure external diameter and length Tail Measure depth

How to take reading of vernier callipers? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Main scale Vernier scale

h) Micrometer Screw Gauge Function Sensitivity Measure thickness or diameter of small object in range between 0.10 mm and 25.00 mm . 0.01 mm or 0.001 cm

Function Anvil and spindle Used to grip object. Sleeve Main scale Thimble Thimble scale Ratchet knob Used to prevent exceeding pressure

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How to take reading of micrometer screw gauge? Reading = Main scale + Thimble scale = 5.5 + 0.28 = 5.78 mm

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1.3.2 Explain Sensitivity Sensitivity of an instruments is its ability to detect small change in the quantity to be measured.

1.3.2 Explain Accuracy and Consistency Accurate Inaccurate ACCURACY CONSISTENCY Is how close the value of the measurement to the actual value. Ability to register the same reading. Consistence Inconsistence

ACCURACY CONSISTENCY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1.3.3 Explain Types of Experimental Error SYSTEMATIC ERROR RANDOM ERROR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How to reduce systematic error: Correct reading = reading obtained - zero error ,[object Object],[object Object]

How to eliminate zero error? ,[object Object],Negative zero error Zero error= -0.04 mm Positive zero error Zero error= 0.02 mm

[object Object],No zero error Negative zero error Positive zero error zero error = 0.04 cm zero error = -0.02 cm

Introduction to physics

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Introduction to physics