2. INTRODUCTION
Plant Nutrients: - The elements which are
present in the fertilizer and which are helpful
for healthy growth of a plant to produce
better yield are called as plant nutrients
This plant nutrients are three type
Primary Nutrients
Secondary nutrients
Macro Nutrients
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3. INTRODUCTION
Primary Nutrients - Those nutrients which
are added in excess amount in a fertilizer
for healthy growth of a plant are called
primary nutrients.
ex.:- Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Secondary Nutrients - Those elements
which are directly present in the soil which
indirectly help for growth of a plant are
called secondary nutrients
ex.:- calcium, magnesium, sulfur
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4. INTRODUCTION
Micro Nutrients: - Those nutrients
which are required in small quantities
for growth of a plant are called micro
nutrients.
ex.:- Zinc, Copper, Boron,
Molebdenum.
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5. DEFINITION OF FERTILIZER
Fertilizer: - Fertilizer is a substance which is
added to the soil to increase the fertility of
soil and to reduce the deficiency of essential
elements which are required for proper growth
of a plant to produce maximum yield.
Or
It is a substance which is prepared by mixing
two or more essential element either
chemically or mechanically to produce a
compound fertilizer which is helpful for
proper growth of a plant
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6. NEED OF FERTILIZER
After repeated cultivation a stage is
reached where the soil will have less
productivity so in order to increase
the fertility of soil and decrease the
deficiency of essential nutrients for
proper growth, we have to cultivate the
land by regular use of fertilizer.
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7. NEED OF FERTILIZER
The fertilizer will act as a tonic
and good food for the proper
growth of a plant to produce
maximum yield.
The fertilizer maintains the pH in
the range of 7 to 8 which is
suitable for healthy growth of a
plant.
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8. QUALITIES OF FERTILIZER
The element which is present in a particular
fertilizer should be soluble in water.
The fertilizer should be completely soluble in
water so the element present in the fertilizer can
easily be taken by the plant in the soluble form.
The fertilizer should be stable in nature because
the fertilizer which we are using should be taken by
plant for a long time.
It should not be costly.
It should maintain pH in the range of 7 to 8.
It should not poison the growth of the plant.
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9. MERITS OF A FERTILIZER
By using fertilizer more land will come under
cultivation.
NPK fertilizers are highly useful for the growth
of plant tissues.
Science Fertilizer is more soluble in water so
the plant can easily absorb it for their growth.
The yield of growth will be more.
The percentage of nutrients which are
available for the plant will be more.
By using nitrogen we get the proteins in
vegetables and fruits.
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10. DEMERITS OF A FERTILIZER
Using excess fertilizer causes
environmental pollution.
It pollutes ground water and surface
water.
It decreases feed quality.
It affects natural soil fertility.
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11. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
The pH of solid is maintained in the
range of 7 to 8 by using fertilizers.
Fertilizers are the food for plants which
maintain the fertility of soil.
Fertilizers use gives the required
nutrients for growth of plant.
Nitrogen compound in fertilizer is used
for growth of plant and promotes the
stems and leaves.
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12. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphorous is used to accelerate the
early growth of a plant.
Potassium is essential for
development of starch in potato, sugar
in fruits & vegetables.
The solid fertilizers are applied directly
to the soil by spraying, using hands.
The liquid fertilizers are sprayed to the
soil by the spray containers.
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13. TYPES OF FERTILIZER
Natural Fertilizer:-
Natural organic fertilizer:-
Plant matter: - Oil cakes from cotton seed meal, linseed meal,
caster cakes are the examples of natural organic fertilizer.
Farm Yard manures: - It contains cow dung, sheep dung, animal’s
excreta waste.
Animal Matter:- Powdered dry fish
Cuomo: - It is a mixture of bird’s excreta, fish refuge, fish hones.
Natural inorganic Fertilizer:-
Rock phosphate
(ii) Chile salt petre
(iii) Potassium salts
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14. TYPES OF FERTILIZER
Straight Fertilizer: -Those fertilizers which contain only one
essential nutrient are called straight fertilizer. Ex.:- Nitrogen,
phosphorous, potassium.
Compound Fertilizer: - Those fertilizers which contain two or
more essential nutrients are called compound fertilizer. Ex.:-
Calcium nitrate, Ammonium sulphate.
Direct Fertilizer:-Those fertilizers which are directly absorbed
by the plants from the soil are called direct fertilizers. Ex.:-
Nitrates, ammonia compounds.
Indirect fertilizer: - Those fertilizers which improve the
mechanical, chemical and Biological properties of soil are
known as indirect fertilizers. These Fertilizers will not directly
increase the fertility of the soil. This fertilizer maintains the pH
of the soil. Ex. lime which reduces acidity of the soil.
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15. TYPES OF FERTILIZER
Mixed fertilizer: - Those fertilizers which contain
two compound fertilizers by mechanical mixing
without any chemical reaction are known as mixed
fertilizer. Ex.:- NPK, Fertilizer.
Mixed fertilizers are physical mixtures of fertilizer
materials containing two or all three of the major
nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium)
mixed fertilizers are made by thoroughly mixing the
ingredients either mechanically or manually.
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16. TYPES OF FERTILIZER
Complex Fertilizer: - Those fertilizers which are
prepared from compound Fertilizers with a chemical
reaction are called as complex fertilizer. These
fertilizers contain all the essential nutrients for
growth of a plant. Ex.:- NPK Fertilizer10-26-26.
NPK complex fertilizers are based on ammonium
phosphates or nitro phosphates, potash and
additional nitrogen generally in the form of urea.
Ex: ammonium phosphate sulphate 16-20-0, urea
ammonium phosphate.
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