Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Effective Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism
1. EFFECTIVE WRITING
Finding Appropriate Resources
Giving Credit to Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
April Aultman Becker
Education Coordinator
Research Medical Library
MD Anderson Cancer Center
avaultman@mdanderson.org
10. DAY 2
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Finding Appropriate Resources
Giving Credit to Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
April Aultman Becker
Education Coordinator
Research Medical Library
MD Anderson Cancer Center
avaultman@mdanderson.org
11. WHAT IS
PLAGIARISM?
“The unauthorized use or close
imitation of the language and
thoughts of another author and
the representation of them as
one's own original work.”
-American Heritage Dictionary
12. WHAT ARE THE
CONSEQUENCES
OF PLAGIARISM?
•A charge of plagiarism can have
severe consequences
•MD Anderson Policy on Academic
Dishonesty
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/learningmodules/plagiarism/
13. OBVIOUS
PLAGIARISM
•Buying, stealing, or borrowing a
paper.
•Hiring someone to write your paper for
you
•Copying large sections of text from a
source without quotation marks or
proper citation.
14. WHAT ARE THE
CAUSES OF
PLAGIARISM?
•Fear failure
•Poor time-management skills
•View the assignment as unimportant
•Failed enforcement of appropriate
penalties
16. WHAT ARE THE
CAUSES OF
PLAGIARISM?
•Students may not know how to cite
sources
•Plagiarism defined differently or
more stringently than in students’
earlier education
•Students from other cultures may
not be familiar with the conventions
17. SELF PLAGIARISM
•Copying your own previously-
published work without citation
•Submitting the same article to a
different publication
19. WHEN TO
CITE
•When in doubt
•Someone else’s idea
•Your interpretation of their idea
•Your reaction to their idea
•Making a factual claim
20. WHAT NEEDS
TO BE CITED
•Words or ideas presented in a magazine,
book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie,
Web page, computer program, letter,
advertisement, or any other medium
•Information you gain through interviewing
•When you copy the exact words
•Reprinted visual materials
•Reposted electronically-available media
21. WHAT NOT
TO CITE
•Your own experiences, observations, and
thoughts
•Your own results obtained through lab or
field experiments
•Your own artwork
•Common knowledge
24. CITING
REFERENCES
AT THE END OF
TEXT
References should be listed in the order of
citation in a separate section at the end of
the paper. For more information, see the
AMA Manual of Style.
25. DAY 3
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Finding Appropriate Resources
Giving Credit to Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
April Aultman Becker
Education Coordinator
Research Medical Library
MD Anderson Cancer Center
avaultman@mdanderson.org
26. HOW TO
AVOID
PLAGIARISM
Use quotations, paraphrases,
and summaries to incorporate
other writers' work into your
own writing, and always make
sure to cite it appropriately.
29. SHORT AND
LONG
QUOTES
•Run On: less than 4
typed lines, it is
included in the
normal text
•Block: 4 or more
typed lines, it is set
off in block style
from http://www.docstyles.com/amastat.htm
30. QUOTING
INDIRECT
SOURCES
•Indirect source is a source that someone
else used in a paper.
•Be clear about your second hand source.
Image from http://westlibrary.txwes.edu/sites/default/files/pdf/ama_citation_style.pdf
31. GUIDELINES
FOR QUOTING
•Keep the source author's name
•Quotation marks
•Use ellipsis points
•To give context to a quote, place added words
in brackets
41. HOW CAN THE
RESEARCH
MEDICAL LIBRARY
HELP YOU?
•Classes
•Study rooms
•ILLIAD
•Librarians
•Phone: 713-792-2282
•Email: RML-Help@mdanderson.org
•Chat: http://www3.mdanderson.org/library/
42. SOURCES
AMA Manual of Style
http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/oso/public/index.html
ASRT Guide for Authors with AMA Citation Style
https://www.asrt.org/media/pdf/pubs/AG08_all.pdf
Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement
http://wpacouncil.org/node/9
Kresge Library, Oakland University Plagiarism Tutorial
http://library.oakland.edu/tutorials/plagiarism/
The Plagiarism Policy of the American Journal of Nursing
http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/JournalArticle.asp?Article_ID=727942
Purdue OWL
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/1/
University of the Rockies Writing Center
http://www.rockies.edu/docs/Hoffman_Effective_Writing.pdf
Notes de l'éditeur
Welcome to the three-part effective writing/avoiding plagiarism seminar. I’m April, and I’m here from the RML, which is on the 21st floor of Pickens, and we’re open everyday from 7:30am until 7:00pm, so please stop by to browse, relax, or ask for help.I hope that most of this will be a review for you guys, but you may learn something, and it all bears repeating.
As health professionals, your reputation is on the line when you write, and especially when you publish.Writing poorly, or worse, plagiarizing another’s work will hinder your professional achievement.Writing incorrectly can bring up liability issues in the health care environment.Lacking clarity in your writing could lead to a lawsuitGood things come from writing well, like it improves your critical thinking and communication skills, both important in health care, your job, and your future.
At this point in your career and education, writing begins when you get an assignment. In the future, you may choose or be required to publish professional articles. Either way, once you have a topic, you must gather resources. You may be a leader in your field, but you don’t know everything, so you have to turn to the experts.References should be timely or historically significant, and sufficiently support your topicInternet references should be chosen carefully and used sparingly; they should represent reliable research sources, such as government Web sites (e.g., National Institutes of Health), universities or online scientific and medical journals (e.g., Radiology). Avoid using marketing or trade publications. Totally skip Wikipedia or almost anything you find in a Google search.Use scholarly resources, Gather twice as many resources as you need; then narrow down the ones you will use.
What are scholarly sources? Scholarly journals contain articles written by, and addressed to, experts in a discipline. They are concerned with academic study, especially research, and demonstrate the methods and concerns of scholars. The main purpose of a scholarly journal is to report original research or experimentation and to communicate this information to the rest of the scholarly world. The language of scholarly journals reflects the discipline covered, as it assumes some knowledge or background on the part of the reader. Scholarly journals always rigorously cite their sources in the form of footnotes or bibliographies. Many scholarly journals are published by professional organizations.Many scholarly journals use a process of peer review prior to publishing an article, whereby other scholars in the author's field or specialty critically assess a draft of the article. Peer-reviewed journals (also called refereed journals) are scholarly journals that only publish articles that have passed through this review process. The review process helps ensure that the published articles reflect solid scholarship in their fields.Peer Review Status - How do you find that? Google the journal title to find peer reviewed policy, or limit database to “peer reviewed”Audience - Who was the book written for? Again, by Googling you should be able to see who the audience isAuthor affiliation - How do you find that? Google the author or click on hyperlink of his/her name. Some databases will link for you or allow you to limit.
MDA library offers almost all articles to you full-text and free of charge. 92% can be accessed on our databases, we can get the others through ILLIADSCOPUS: has 100% MEDLINE coverage, indexes over 16,000 journals; contains 36 million referencesCINAHL: nursing and allied health databaseEbooks – Gale Virtual Library
Authors may cite a reference to support their own arguments or lay the foundation for their theses (documentation);As a credit to the work of other authors (acknowledgment); Avoid using one source throughout your paper and then forcing 4 others in a single citation to meet the minimum requirements of outside sources,having several paragraphs citing just one source, then the next citing another source, etc. Instead, references should be mixed and well integrated into your paper.Citations direct people to your sources or direct the reader to more detail or additional resourcesIncorrect use of reference and reference citations can lead to accidental plagiarism
Relating to your past assignment about defining antiseptics and disinfectants, let’s take a look at the linked the articlehttp://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/disease-health/difference-between-antiseptic-and-disinfectant/Would we consider this to be an internet source or a scholarly resource?Is this a historically significant article? How can we decide?If your instructor said that the source you got the information from must be peer reviewed, how could we figure that out?How can we figure out the intended audience of this article?What about author affiliation?After all that, you use this article or not in a paper?
Relating to your past assignment about defining antiseptics and disinfectants, let’s take a look at the linked the articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88911/Would we consider this to be an internet source or a scholarly resource?Is this a historically significant article? How can we decide?If your instructor said that the source you got the information from must be peer reviewed, how could we figure that out?How can we figure out the intended audience of this article?What about author affiliation?After all that, you use this article or not in a paper?
Most writers rely on the ideas and data of others, but doing so without naming the source is a form of plagiarism.Plagiarism is theft, even comes from the latin word for kidnapper!
A charge of plagiarism can have severe consequences, including expulsion from a university or loss of a job, not to mention a writer's loss of credibility and professional standing. American Journal of Nursing policy:When plagiarism is detected, by either peer reviewers or staff editors, before or after acceptance, during editing, or at any time before publication, AJN staff will alert the author, asking her or him to rewrite or quote exactly and to cite the original source. If the plagiarism is extensive-the article may be rejected and the author's employer notified of the infraction. If plagiarism is detected after publication, the editors will notify readers of the infraction through an editor's note in the journal, and the author's employer may be notified of the breach.Official MD Anderson Policy on Academic Dishonesty:Provisions: ConductUnacceptable conduct that would subject a student to disciplinary action includes but is not limited to the following:Engaging in scholastic dishonesty such as cheating, plagiarism, collusion, submitting another person's work or materials for credit, taking an examination for another person, acting in a manner that would give unfair advantage to himself or herself or another student or attempting to commit such act.Provisions: SanctionsThe following penalties may be assessed by the dean or the dean's designee:Disciplinary probationWithholding of grades, official transcript and/or degreeBar against readmissionRestitution or reimbursement for damage to or misappropriation of institutional or The University of Texas System propertySuspension of rights and privileges, including participation in extracurricular activitiesAssignment of a failing grade for an examination, assignment or course and/or cancellation of all or any portion of a prior course creditDenial of degreeSuspension from the institution for a specified period of timeExpulsion (permanent separation) from the institutionRevocation of degree and withdrawal of diplomaOther penalties as deemed appropriate under the circumstances
There are some actions that can almost unquestionably be labeled plagiarism. Buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper. Hiring someone to write your paper for youCopying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation.When most people think of PLAGIARISM, they usually think of the intentional copying of the words of another and claiming them as one's own. This is one aspect of the problem, but not the only one. Plagiarism is a form of "intellectual dishonesty"
Students may fear failure or fear taking risks in their own work.Students may have poor time-management skills or they may plan poorly for the time and effort required for research-based writing, and believe they have no choice but to plagiarize.Students may view the course, the assignment, the conventions of academic documentation, or the consequences of cheating as unimportant.Teachers may present students with assignments so generic or unparticularized that students may believe they are justified in looking for canned responses.Instructors and institutions may fail to report cheating when it does occur, or may not enforce appropriate penalties.
But then there are actions that are usually in more of a gray area. Plagiarism may be unintentional, Using the words of a source too closely when paraphrasingBuilding on someone's ideas without citing their work. Also called misuse of sources.
Students may not know how to integrate the ideas of others and document the sources of those ideas appropriately in their texts. Gaining a familiarity of these rules is critically important, as inadvertent mistakes can lead to charges of plagiarism, which is the un-credited use (both intentional and unintentional) of somebody else's words or ideas.This level of academia may define plagiarism differently or more stringently than have instructors in students’ earlier education or in other writing situations.College instructors may assume that students have already learned appropriate academic conventions of research and documentation.Students from other cultures may not be familiar with the conventions governing attribution and plagiarism in American colleges and universities.Research-based writing in American institutions, both educational and corporate, is filled with rules that writers. While some cultures may not insist so heavily on documenting sources of words, ideas, images, sounds, etc., American culture does
Self-plagiarism refers to the practice of an author using portions of their previous writings on the same topic in another of their publications, without specifically citing it formally in quotes. The author's copying of her or his own previously published material: duplicate publication or "self-plagiarism." If an author has published an article in Journal A, she or he may not send the same article with a few minor adjustments to Journal B. Nor may she or he take verbatim portions of the first article without quotation marks for use in a second article. Each publication should contain fresh writing, even if there is nothing new to report on the topic.This practice is widespread and sometimes unintentional, as there are only so many ways to say the same thing on many occasions, particularly when writing the Methods section of an article. Probably for this reason self-plagiarism is not regarded in the same light as plagiarism of the ideas and words of other individuals.
What is plagiarism quiz
When in doubt cite your source!When it is someone else’s idea When it’s your interpretation of their ideaWhen it’s your reaction to their ideaWhen you are making a factual claim
Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other mediumInformation you gain through interviewing another person, face to face, over the phone, or in writingWhen you copy the exact words or a unique phraseWhen you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materialsWhen you reuse or repost any electronically-available media, including images, audio, video, or other media
Your own lived experiences, observations, thoughts, and conclusions about a subjectYour own results obtained through lab or field experimentsYour own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio…Common knowledge, things like folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and historical events (but not historical documents). Generally speaking, you can regard something as common knowledge if you find the same information undocumented in at least five credible sources.
What is plagiarism quiz
References must be cited in two places: within the text and at the end of the article.References within the text should be listed in the order of citation, using superscript numerals.
References should be listed in the order of citation in a separate section at the end of the paper
Provide support for claims Add credibility to your writingRefer to work that leads up to the work you are now doingGive examples of several points of view on a subjectCall attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree withHighlight a particularly striking phrase, sentenceExpand the breadth or depth of your writing
Quoting should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you decide to do so. Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must be attributed to the original author.Don’t over quoteUse quotes that will have the most rhetorical, argumentative impact in your paper; too many direct quotes from sources may weaken your credibility, as though you have nothing to say yourself, and will certainly interfere with your style
Short = run on quoteLong = Block quote
You should only cite sources which you have read directly. If you don’t have the original, you need to be clear in your citation that this is a second hand source.Give the name of the original author to set up the quote
Keep the source author's name in the same sentence as the quoteMark the quote with quotation marks, or set it off from your text in its own blockTo shorten quotes by removing extra information, use ellipsis points (...) to indicate omitted text.To give context to a quote or otherwise add wording to it, place added words in brackets, []; be careful not to editorialize or make any additions that skew the original meaning of the quote—do that in your main text, e.g.,
How to quote and cite from a passage
You can use another’s data in your table, but you must cite itTables are efficient, enabling the researcher to present a large amount of data in a small amount of space; however, overuse of tables may be confusing for a reader. Therefore, reserve tables for crucial data that are directly related to the content of your article and for simplifying text that otherwise would be dense with numbers. Table parameters. Place tables in the text close after where they are first mentioned. Number tables consecutively. The table number is followed by a label or title in heading caps. "Each table should have a brief, specific, descriptive title, usually written as a phrase rather than as a sentence, that distinguishes the table from other data displays in the article.“Tables should be spaced for clarity. A contrasting font is also suggested in the text. Abbreviations may be used in column headings or row studs.
Putting a passage from source material into your own words. Paraphrasing is NOT: replacing every fifth word from a passage. replacing words in a passage with synonyms. keeping sentence structure but changing some words.All of the above are actually plagiarism.A paraphrase must be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
It helps you control the temptation to quote too much.It helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original text.
Putting the main idea into your own wordsIt is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
Summarize the main idea of the passage
Relating to your past assignment about defining antiseptics and disinfectants, let’s take a look at the linked the articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88911/Pull one quote from this article and set it up correctly in either long or short format.Paraphrase the first two sentences and set it up correctly.Summarize the entire paragraph.
Post test
Classes are available on searching databases like SCOPUS and PubMedStudy rooms are available to bookILL services through ILLIADLibrarians are available by phone, email, chat, or appointment