3. Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
stomach, and has many possible causes. The main
acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or
prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery,
traumatic injury or burns
4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of gastritis vary among individuals, and in many people
there are no symptoms. The most common symptoms include:
Nausea
Abdominal bloating
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Indigestion
Burning or gnawing feeling in
the stomach between meals
or at night
Hiccups
Loss of appetite
Vomiting blood or coffee
ground-like material
Black, tarry stools
5. PREVENTION
Avoid use of aspirin or NSAIDs if you are prone to gastritis.
1) Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol.
2) Replace two or three large meals a day with small meals every
three hours or so
3) Avoid fast foods
4) Eat slow, chew thoroughly
5) Do chewing gum.
6) Stay away from foods that upset your stomach, especially
those heavily seasoned, spicy and fried food
7) Avoid using aspirin, ibuprofen and other irritating foods
6. TREATMENT
Treatment for gastritis usually involves:
Taking antacids and other drugs to reduce stomach acid, which causes
further irritation to inflamed areas.
Avoiding hot and spicy foods.
For gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, your doctor will prescribe a
regimen of several antibiotics plus an acid blocking drug (used for
heartburn).
If the gastritis is caused by pernicious anemia, B12 vitamin shots will
be given.
Eliminating irritating foods from your diet such as lactose from dairy or
gluten from wheat.
Once the underlying problem disappears, the
gastritis usually does, too.
You should talk to your doctor before stopping
any medicine or starting any gastritis treatment
on your own.
7. The mortality is dependent on the etiology of the gastritis. Generally,
most cases of gastritis are treatable once the etiology is determined. The
exception to this is phlegmonous gastritis, which has a mortality rate of
65%, even with treatment.
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
617-726-2000 TDD: 617-724-8800
http://www.massgeneral.org/conditions/condition.aspx?id=182
8. • Gastroenteritis is an
inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus,
bacteria or parasites.
• Results in vomiting or diarrhea.
• It is often called the "stomach
flu“.
• Gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the
stomach and intestines. Gastritis is the
irritation and inflammation of the
stomach's mucous lining.
9. • Rotaviruses; Noroviruses; Adenoviruses.
• Anyone can get it.
Rotavirus infants and young children under 5.
Adenoviruses and astroviruses affect young children and sometimes
adults.
Noroviruses infect persons of all ages, including older children and
adults.
• It spreads through contaminated food or
water, and contact with an infected person.
The best prevention is frequent hand
washing.
• Close contact with infected persons.
10. • Frequent hand washing and disinfection. Rotavirus gastroenteritis
can also be prevented by vaccines.
• Watery diarrhea and vomiting.
• Headache, fever, and stomach ache.
• Symptoms begin 1 to 2 days following infection, and may last for
1 to 10 days, depending on the virus.
By a physician on the Prevent severe loss of
basis of the symptoms fluids (dehydration) by
and medical taking fluids.
examination. Medications should be
Rotavirus infection can avoided unless
be diagnosed by recommended by a
laboratory testing of a physician.
stool specimen.
11. People who died from gastroenteritis has more than
doubled from 1999 to 2007. The death rate from almost
7,000 to over 17,000 per year. Viral gastroenteritis is the
second most common illness in the U.S. (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention)
NIDDK
National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases (also
information in Spanish)
http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/
12. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a viral
disease that leads to
swelling (inflammation)
of the liver.
14. Signs and Symptoms
Hepatitis C infection usually produces no signs or symptoms
during its earliest stages. When signs and symptoms do occur,
they're generally mild and flu-like and may include:
• Fatigue • Muscle and joint pains
• Fever • Tenderness in the area of your liver
• Nausea or poor appetite
Testing should be done among:
• Individuals at high risk for prior to 1992
infection. • Persons with abnormal levels of
• Children born to chronically liver enzymes in the blood
infected mothers • Testing is recommended when
• People who received blood, blood exposure to the virus is
products, or transplanted organs suspected.
15.
16.
17. Mortality
In a study in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, U.S.
Centers for Disease Control researchers analyzed causes
of death on more than 21.8 million U.S. death certificates
filed between 1999 and 2007. Rates of death related to
hepatitis C, a viral infection that causes chronic liver
disease, rose at an average rate of .18 deaths per
100,000 persons per year. More than 15,000 people died
from hepatitis C in 2007. HIV-related death rates declined
.21 deaths per 100,000 people per year — 12,734 people
died from HIV in 2007. Rates of death related to a third
infection, hepatitis B, remained more or less constant over
the study period, falling .02 deaths per 100,000 people per
year to just more than 1,800 deaths in 2007.
19. Wilson's disease is named after Samuel
Alexander Kinnier Wilson (1878–1937), the
British neurologist who first described the
condition in 1912
20. Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive
inherited disorder of copper metabolism.
You need a small amount of copper from food
to stay healthy. Too much copper is poisonous.
This can cause damage to your brain, liver, and
eyes.
21. the most common one
KAYSER-FLEISCHER RINGS
Symptons can appear in the
ages between 6-38
24. 24 hour urine test for copper
Liver Biopsy
Kayser Fleischer rings
25. Wilson disease is a very treatable condition. With
proper therapy, disease progress can be halted
and oftentimes symptoms can be improved.
Treatment is aimed at removing excess
accumulated copper and preventing its
accumulation. Treatment for Wilson disease is a
lifelong process. Patients may become
progressively sicker from day to day, so
immediate treatment can be critical. Treatment
delays may cause irreversible damage.
27. References
• Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. American Association
for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis, management, and treatment
of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology. 2009;49:1335-1374.
• Jou JH, Muir AJ. In the clinic. Hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med.
2008;148:ITC6-1-ITC6-16.
• O'Leary JG, Davis GL. Hepatitis C. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS,
Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver
Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 79.
• Rosen HR. Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection.N Engl J
Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2429-38.
• http://articles.latimes.com/2012/feb/21/news/la-heb-hepatitis-c-hiv-
deaths-20120221
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/faq.htm
• http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/243036.php
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/gastroenteritis.html
