Xsorb Extends Solar Heating beyond Seasonal Limits

1. X sorb eco technology b.v. Extending Solar Heating beyond seasonal limits

2. Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen Warm Air Heat Store Ventilation Humidity Adsorption Solar De-sorption Drying X sorb eco-technology Solar Energy In-situ Warm air

3. Winter Winter Summer Solar Energy Heating / Storage Paradox 3.0 2.0 1.0 MWh/a Excess Solar Direct Solar Contribution HeatStore Space heating demand curve Solar irradiation supply curve

5. Humid Heat Recovery Condensation on a heat transfer surface Recovers heat of water condensation at ever lowering temperatures Adsorption on a solid surface Recovers heat of water adsorption at a useful temperature

6. Humid Heat Energy How much heat when condensed?? 2 300 kJ / kg of water Or 2.3 MJ / kg

7. Adsorption Heat Energy How much heat when adsorbed ??? Heat of water condensation 2.3 MJ/kg plus heat of adhesion from 0.5 to1.7 MJ/kg (wet to dry) Average heat of water adsorption 3.4 MJ / kg of water over cycle

8. Air/Air Heat Exchanger Warm fresh air to rooms Cold fresh air Expelled humid room air heated dry air Dry cool Ventilated air Kitchen Shower HeatStore Laundry Axial Fan Solar panel Xsorb Process in Heating Mode Adsorbing

9. Air/Air Heat Exchanger Outside air Warm humid air Moist Ventilated air HeatStore Axial Fan Solar panel Xsorb Process in Recharging Mode Warm fresh air Hot solar heated air Drying

10. 30 Degree C 40% 60% 80% Relative Humidity @ Inlet Temperature Expected Air Temperature Rise 0 T 100 % 20 10 Mid Depleted Adsorbent at Middle of Run ( MOR ) Inlet Temperature Deg C 20 10 30

11. 10 20 Heat Duty kW Heat Exchange Curves 0 30 0 Dry PFHE 5 degree C approach Xsorb Air Heating 40 HeatStore Adsorption heat Ventilated humid room temperature Fresh warm air 5 degree C approach Degree C

12. Solar Storage Performance 1.0 m 3 EnergyStore Energy storage density of 220 kwh / m 3 800 MJ of Space Heat @ 30 Degree C

13. Example Seasonal energy consumption of a super insulated 150 m 2 house built to 2015 EU recommended residential space heating duty 15 kWh/m 2 equivalent to 55 MJ /m 2 thus: 55 MJ/m 2 x 150 m 2 = 8 250 MJ 8.3 GJ

14. Solar Contribution Then 0.8 x 8.3 GJ = 6.6 GJ needs to be provided by the EnergyStore solar battery If 20 % is considered as the direct solar fraction

16. Example Conclusion Requires less than 2 % of the house volume 150 m 2 house volume with 3 meter high ceiling 150 m 2 X 3 m = 450 m 3 thus: 8.0 m 3 / 450 m 3 = 0.0177

17. Xsorb Process in Adsorption Heating Mode Front end view Fresh air inlet Vent dry air Heat exchanger HeatStore Glazed hybrid PV/thermal solar panel Humid room air Humid room air Humid room air Warm air Warm air Warm air Warm air Xsorb heated dry air Warm air duct Vent air duct ID axial fan Dark PV cell surface Air space Not used Warm air Hot water CV Humid room air Window closed

18. Xsorb Process in Recharging Mode Back end view Ambient air inlet Cooled moist air vent Hybrid Thermal/PV Solar panel HeatStore Solar heated hot air inlet connection at the opposite end Warm moist air Preheated fresh air FD axial fan Inlet air header Hot air header ID axial fan used used Dormer room