1.
Literature Review
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2.
Overview
The term "loudspeaker" refers to an electroacoustic transducer, whose function is to
convert an electrical audio stream into audible sound. A loudspeaker has a sturdy basket frame that
contains the numerous components, a flexible membrane like a cone or dome that is driven by a
magnetism, a magnets and coil arrangement that creates the magnetic field, and a transportation
system that supports and moves the diaphragm. Design, prototyping, testing, and finally mass
production are just a few of the numerous stages that go into making a pair of loudspeakers. The
specifications, such as frequency response, sensitivity, and power handling capabilities, that must
be satisfied throughout production will be established during the design process. For the purpose
of testing and evaluating the design, a prototype must be built, but only in small numbers. Testing
the loudspeaker's functionality helps determine how effective it is and where issues lie. At this
point, the loudspeakers are ready for the last phase of manufacture, known as mass production.
There are many various sorts of speakers available, and each one may serve a unique purpose.
These speakers are differentiated from one another by their own unique sets of characteristics. One
of the most common types of speakers is the dynamic speaker, which uses a coil and magnet to
move the diaphragm. One of the most common types is the electrodynamic speaker, which uses
an electric current passing through a coil to generate a magnetic field. Ribbon speakers, which use
a thin metal ribbon to make sound, and electrostatic speakers, which use an electrostatic charge to
drive a diaphragm, are two more types of speakers. One additional kind is the ribbon speaker.
There are a wide range of materials and techniques at one's disposal for bettering the sound
quality of loudspeakers. Lightweight, robust materials like carbon fiber or beryllium may be used
for the diaphragm, and sophisticated suspension systems like rubber surrounds or spiders can help
the diaphragm move more linearly. These are two practices that may be used to make

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diaphragmatic movement more linear. The trend in recent years has been toward making more
compact and portable loudspeakers. Audio systems in mobile phones and portable music players
are prime examples of this development. While these speakers may not pack the same punch as
your average loudspeaker, they are designed to maximize output with little loss of quality. Even
though they don't give out a lot of power, these speakers are lightweight and easy to carry about.
System parameters
This project was based on a case that has to be researched about the assembly of
loudspeakers while they are being manufactured on a manufacturing line. A company has recently
updated the design of its loudspeakers by including certain forged pieces that have enhanced
magnetic properties. The redesigned design of the loudspeaker offers other advantages, such as a
decreased component count and features on those parts, which will allow automated feeding and
simplify the human assembly process. The fundamental components of a loudspeaker are shown
in figure 1. Figure 2 depicts the motor unit and the voice coil in their combined assembled state
for your viewing pleasure. A cross-section through a typical loudspeaker is shown in Figure 3,
which may be found here. Figures 4 and 5 each provided an illustration of the assembling of a full
loudspeaker. While the ideal manufacturing facilities would automated most of the production
chain as is humanly possible, it is anticipated that a portion of the so-called "soft" pieces will still
be assembled by hand. The target is to manufacture 960 speakers per day and 4,800 speakers per
week, which comes out to one speaker every 30 seconds during an 8-hour workday and a 5-day
workweek. The speakers have the potential to generate a weekly revenue of £33,600 if they are
priced at £7 a unit and sold.

4.
Summary of the parameters
Following an initial inquiry into the system, as well as the gathering and examination of relevant
data, the following system parameters have been found and determined:
I. There were conveyors employed, and the length might be 5, 10, 15, or 20 meters.
II. Each frame will come at an arbitrary time, and then it will be put into place in the NegExp
28s (by hand).
III. It was fed and assemble each pole plate in LogNormal 27 seconds, with a standard
deviation of 10%.
IV. It takes LogNormal 29 seconds, with a standard deviation of 10%, to feed or assemble the
magnet.
V. The top plate was fed or built in a homogenous distribution between 25 and 28 seconds at
a time.
VI. The manual construction of the spiders and coil by a worker takes between forty-five and
fifty seconds, with a time distribution that is consistent.
VII. The assembly of the diaphragm takes about 28 seconds on average.
VIII. The dust cover may be manually assembled in an average of 26 seconds' worth of time.
IX. At the station for magnetization, waitedthirty seconds.
X. Twenty seconds at the automated teller machine (ATM).
XI. Fork-lift trucks are allowed to drive at a speed of 2 meters per second and may be utilized
at the very end of the manufacturing line.

5.
Final product
Project execution
Based on his work using Enterprise Dynamic software for simulation and various
assumption methodologies, he has compiled this report terms referring to methods of increasing
efficiency in production while reducing costs. Lean manufacturing is a method that helps in
getting rid of waste and shortening production cycles by getting rid of superfluous stages.
Continuous improvement is at the heart of lean manufacturing, and lean production is a process
that aids get rid of waste (Atul Palange, 2021). When it comes to manufacturing, I believe that
the bottleneck issue is like a barrel effect, where the manufacturing capacity does not rely on the
most efficient component but on the least reliable part of the process.

6.
The plan for the assembly of a loudspeaker using pre-manufactured components includes a number
of steps, including the sorting and inspection of components, the preparation of components, the
assembly of the main structure, the installation of electronic components, testing and quality
assurance, and the packaging and shipping of the finished product. At various points along the
assembly process, both automated and human operating methods are used to assure both efficiency
and precision in the final product. Here, we'll break things down into three distinct phases:
brainstorming, prototyping, and simulation
The loudspeaker production technique employs tractor trailer manufacturing line designs
for all manufacturing systems, and the block design range from two hundred to six thousand. Based
on the available data, it seems that 8 stations are required at a minimum (total job duration/cycle
time). If you want to do things the prototypical way, use an In-line machine setup. Here's a look at
figure 2 to see what I mean. Idle time and spreading obstructed circumstances lead to insufficient
output, and the operational cycle of all terminals cannot remain constant for 20 seconds, that is
closer to the real state. After modeling the circumstances, overtime or production system cycle
time improvements may accomplish the production objective. The prototype shows that the 8-hour
production capability is 731 units, significantly below the target after initial set-up time. Under
optimum conditions, the cycle time of the production system is at least 20 seconds. Except for
spider coil installation, the entire operation takes around 21 seconds. The status panel demonstrate
that the first three builders have failed to provide expected results, while the fourth assembler is
busier than expected. The model phase will assume a 20-second rise in spider coil assembler
manufacturing speed.
The element of motion is introduced after the queue point. Figure 4 shows how realistic and
efficient line balancing may be by assuming the cycle durations of all modeling workstations to

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be between 19 and 22 seconds and the speeds of wheel truck to be 2 meters per second. From the
assembly site to the warehouses, a forklift brings a container containing 36 loudspeakers.
Varying the simulation's cycle time may improve its realism.
If data is eligible for a refund, cost mobility may reduce lean waste from portended. DS simulation
must restrict the cross time or container input amount to reduce system congestion and returnable
container use. Figure 6 displays the cycle time set. The 3D simulation below shows how to put up
more returnable containers while keeping the system fluid. Figure 8 shows that facility capacity
must be far higher than output to provide necessary storage and support. Pull and just-in-time..
Production layout

8.
Summary of the output
Two factors generate a summary report image 11 of loudspeakers that is too imprecise for a fully
simulated reality production process: Workstation ATM requires that 1% of examined units fail
and be discarded, and rework for defective parts cannot be simulated. The simulation does not
take into account the Mean Time Before Failures (MTBF) or the Mean Time to Repair (METR).

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Instead, the automation system is dependent on the manufacturing machine's level of
dependability. The purpose of this component is to conduct an experiment. The outcomes as well
as the reference foundation are going to be given in the appendix. The following seem to be
some eco-friendly renovation initiatives that have been planned out: Utilize one robot to execute
two to three different transport duties while increasing its speed in order to reduce the number of
robots used in the input area. If you want to get more work done in the same amount of time, you
should try to cut down on the amount of time each workstation takes to complete its cycle. The
adoption of these six lean criteria will contribute to the enhancement of both the work setting and
the production methods, which will ultimately result in an increase in indirect output

10.
Conclusion
This report gives a clear picture of the simulation's approach, data, and conclusions. Create a
simulation of a realistic manufacturing environment and carry out a lean analysis using this
method. If the model is to be enhanced further, it will either need to be altered or have more
information added to it in order to investigate and draw findings that are more realistic

11.
References
Atul Palange, P. D., 2021. Lean manufacturing a vital tool to enhance productivity in
manufacturing.materialstoday: processdings, 23 1.
D.R.Kiran, 2020. Chapter 11 - Kaizen and continuous improvement.Work Organization and
Methods Engineering for Productivity, pp. 155-161.