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smart Grid
1. AUTHOR 1:
M.KRISHNA KANTH REDDY
B.TECH III-II , E.E.E.
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES,
KADAPA.
SMART GRID
2. Cost of Power
Disturbances:
$25 - $188
billion per
year
~$6 billion lost
due to
8/14/03
blackout
Northeast Blackout – August 14, 2003
4
Affected 55 million people
$6 billion lost
Per year $135 billions lost for
power interruption
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Blackout_of_2003
3. What does the concept of Smart GridWhat does the concept of Smart Grid
look like?look like?
3
Electrical Infrastructure
“Intelligence” Infrastructure
4. Smart Grid Applications
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Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy SourcesDistributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources
Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and IslandingSelf-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding
Asset Management and On-Line Equipment MonitoringAsset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring
Demand Response and Dynamic PricingDemand Response and Dynamic Pricing
Participation in Energy MarketsParticipation in Energy Markets
Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!
Real-time Simulation and Contingency AnalysisReal-time Simulation and Contingency Analysis
5. Outline
• Motivation
• Sensing and Measurement
• Communications and Security
• Components and Subsystems
• Interfaces and Decision Support
• Control Methods and Topologies
6. Wireless Mesh Networking for theWireless Mesh Networking for the
Smart GridSmart Grid
6
www.elstermetering.com
7. Advanced Sensing and
Measurement
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
Provide interface between the utility
and its customers: bi-direction control
Advanced functionality
Real-time electricity pricing
Accurate load characterization
Outage detection/restoration
California asked all the utilities to deploy the
new smart meter
8. Advanced Sensing and
Measurement
Health Monitor: Phasor
measurement unit (PMU)
Measure the electrical
waves and determine
the health of the
system.
Increase the reliability
by detecting faults
early, allowing for
isolation of operative
system, and the
prevention of power
outages.
9. Advanced Sensing and
Measurement
Distributed weather sensing
Widely distributed solar irradiance, wind
speed, temperature measurement
systems to improve the predictability of
renewable energy.
The grid control systems can dynamically
adjust the source of power supply.
10. Integrated Communications
and Security
High-speed, fully integrated, two-way communication
technologies that make the smart grid a dynamic,
interactive “mega-infrastructure” for real-time
information and power exchange.
Cyber Security: the new communication mechanism
should consider security, reliability, QoS.
11. Experiments for Noise and
Interference
• They measured the noise level in dbm (the larger the
worse)
• The outdoor background noise level is -105dbm
12. Advanced Components and
Subsystems
Advanced Energy Storage
New Battery Technologies
Sodium Sulfur (NaS)
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
Grid-to-Vehicle(G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)
Peak load leveling
13. Improved Interfaces and
Decision Support
The smart grid will require wide, seamless, often real-
time use of applications and tools that enable grid
operators and managers to make decisions quickly.
Decision support and improved interfaces will enable
more accurate and timely human decision making at all
levels of the grid, including the consumer level, while
also enabling more advanced operator training.
14. Control Methods and
Topologies
Traditional power system problems:
Centralized
No local supervisory control unit
No fault isolation
Relied entirely on electricity from the grid
15. APS: Autonomous Power System
A localized group of electricity
sources and loads
Locally utilizing natural gas or
renewable energy
Reducing the waste during transmission
Using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
17. References
1. S. Massoud Amin and Bruce F. Wollenberg, “Toward a
Smart Grid,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine,
September/October 2005.
2. M. Pipattanasomporn and S. Rahman, “Intelligent
Distributed Autonomous Power Systems (IDAPS) and
their Impact on Critical Electrical Loads,” IEEE IWCIP
2005.
3. R. Li, J. Li, G. Poulton, and G. James, “Agent-Based
Optimization Systems for Electrical Load
Management,” OPTMAS 2008.
4. J. Li, G. Poulton, and G. James, “Agent-based
distributed energy management,” In Proc. 20th
Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
pages 569–578. Gold Coast, Australia, 2007.
5. http://www.smartgrid.gov/, November 2010.
Notes de l'éditeur
An overlapping of electrical and intelligence\telecommunications infrastructures… the energy internet . In thinking of the power delivery system of the future, we found it helpful to think of bringing together two distinctly different but highly inter-related infrastructures. The electrical infrastructure (i.e., the poles, towers and wires) that has been created over the last 100 years and the “intelligence” infrastructure (i.e., the communications networks, distributed computing and sensors). The Intelligence infrastructure enhances the operation and maintenance of the electrical infrastructure and adds new functionality to the electrical infrastructure. The electrical infrastructure is very mature (at least in North America and Europe) – that is the processes, tools, standards and fundamental technologies for the electrical infrastructure are well established. New technologies will enhance the electrical infrastructure – and many programs within EPRI are working to develop that technology. The “intelligence infrastructure” is much newer – and companies thinking of this as a tightly integrated (networked) infrastructure is very new. The methods, tools and standards for creating the intelligence infrastructure are only beginning to be created. Essentially, when it comes to the intelligence infrastructure, it’s the wild west – almost completely lawless. In looking at the intelligence infrastructure – we see that it isn’t limited by technology. There is an abundance of technology that has been developed by other industries. Many times, in fact, there is too much technology. Today, pieces of the intelligence are installed in an isolated, fragmented way. this approach will not create an intelligence Infrastructure For the vision of the vision of the power delivery system of the future to be achieved, the intelligence infrastructure needs to be as pervasive and integrated as the electrical infrastructure – incorporating generation, transmission, distribution, energy markets and the consumer. The integration of these two infrastructures is what we see creating the intelligent grid or IntelliGrid.
These are key applications that will be enabled by the merged electrical/intelligence infrastructure. It is important to note that the intelligence infrastructure will be created through applications like these. That is, a utility is not going to invest in creating the infrastructure for the sake of creating an infrastructure
