Neoclassicism in architecture

2. Introduction:
Neoclassical architecture was a reaction to Rococo and
Baroque architectural styles. New discoveries of Greek and
Roman architecture led Neoclassical period. And its born in
Italy.
Characteristics:
Neoclassical buildings have few defining
characteristics :
1. Clean, elegant lines
2. Uncluttered appearance
3. Free standing columns
4. Massive buildings

3.  Early Neoclassical Architecture (1640-1750):
The earliest forms of neoclassical architecture grew up
alongside the Baroque, and functioned as a sort of
corrective to the latter's flamboyance. This is particularly
evident in England, where examples of early neoclassicism
include “Architects” are:
1. Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723)
2. William Kent (1685-1748)
3. Robert Adam (1728-92)
4. Andrea Palladio (1508-80)

4. 1. Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723):
Buildings Designed:
St Paul's Cathedral
Royal Observatory

5. 1. William Kent (1685-1748):
Building Designed:
Chiswick House

6. 1. Robert Adam (1728-92):
Buildings Designed:
Royal Theater
Royal Theater

7. Return Of Classical Order Of Greek And
Roman Antiquity(1750-1850):
 Used roman columns and Renaissance-style domes for massive
buildings.
 Used advanced material of modern era.
 Building facades decorated by combinations of colonnades,
rotundas and porticoes.

8.  Neoclassicism Architecture in France:
Neoclassicism was born in Italy, although it became especially
active in France largely because of the presence of French designers
trained at the French Academy in Rome. Classical features had begun
appearing in architectural design at the end of Louis XVI's reign. This style
was then adopted during the first Napoleonic empire: High Society
employed it on their private homes, along with extras like faux ruins,
follies, grottos and fountains to decorate the landscape, while more
experimental architects used it to design a range of civic structures.
Include “Architects” are:
1. Jacques Germain Soufflot (1713-80)
2. Claude Nicolas Ledoux (1736-1806)
3. Jean Chalgrin (1739-1811)

9. 1. Jacques Germain Soufflot (1713-80):
Buildings Designed:
Parisian Pantheon

10. 1. Claude Nicolas Ledoux (1736-1806):
Buildings Designed:

11. 1. Jean Chalgrin (1739-1811):
Buildings Designed:

12.  Neoclassicism Architecture in Britain:
Thus in Britain, which had never really taken to the Baroque, the
Neoclassical style was employed in the design of a wide variety of public
buildings from banks to museums to post offices, while British Royalty
commissioned one of Britain's greatest architects, the Regency neoclassicist
are:
1. John Nash (1752-1835)
2. Sir John Soane (1753-1837)
3. Sir Robert Smirke (1780-1867)

13. 1. John Nash (1752-1835):
Buildings Designed:

14. 1. Sir John Soane (1753-1837):
Buildings Designed:

15. 1. Sir Robert Smirke (1780-1867):
Buildings Designed:
British Museum

16.  Neoclassicism Architecture in Russia:
In due course, neoclassical styles spread to Russia where Catherine
the Great (ruled 1762-96) reacted against the high Rococo tastes of her
Imperial predecessors. For example, she preferred neoclassical designs to the
Baroque-style structures of Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-71), such as the Winter
Palace (1754-62), so she summoned the Scottish architect Charles
Cameron (1745-1812), to design the Pavlovsk Palace (1782-86) and the
Alexander Palace (1812) near St Petersburg, and the Razumovsky Palace in
the Ukraine (1802). She also commissioned him to add neoclassical
extensions to the Catherine Palace and Palace Square in St Petersburg. Other
foreign neoclassical architects employed by the Russian Czars included: the
Italian designers Vincenzo Brenna and Giacomo Quarenghi, and the
Russian Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov.

17.  Architects:
1. Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-71)
2. Charles Cameron (1745-1812)
Italian Designers:
1. Vincenzo Brenna
2. Giacomo Quarenghi

18. 1. Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-71) :
2. Buildings Designed:

19. 1. Charles Cameron (1745-1812):
2. Buildings Designed:

20.  Neoclassicism Architecture in America:
Despite the popularity of the neoclassical style in Europe, it was in the
New World of America where Neoclassical architecture found its true home.
Early American architects who used neoclassical designs included Thomas
Jefferson(1743-1826), William Thornton (1759-1828), Benjamin Latrobe (1764-
1820) and Charles Bulfinch (1863-1844). It was during the 19th century, that
the newly formed United States began building civic buildings, including
universities, and in the process began to define the aesthetics of the nation.

21. 1. Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826):
Buildings Designed:

22. 1. William Thornton (1759-1828), Benjamin
Latrobe (1764-1820) and Charles
Bulfinch (1863-1844):
Building Designed:
US Capital State
William Thornton
Benjamin Latrobe
Charles Bulfinch