2. Properties of Water
abundant
1. Water is the most _________
inorganic compound for living
organisms because most cellular
activity takes place in water.
- 60 % of an adult human is water
- 70% of the earth is water
4. Properties of Water
expands
3) Water __________ when it
____________ freezes
causing ice to be
less dense than liquid water, so
lakes freeze from the top down.
5.
6. Properties of Water
4) Water can _________ absorb
a lot of
________heat
without changing
temperature. This is called having a
high ____________.
specific heat
7. Properties of Water
polar
5. Water is a ________ molecule,
meaning there is a greater chance of
finding shared electrons orbiting
around the __________ atom than
the __________ atoms.
a) Oxygen has ______ 8
protons in its
nucleus and thus has a much
_________ stronger
attraction for electrons than
does hydrogen with only ______ 1
proton
in its nucleus.
oxygen
hydrogen
8. Properties of Water
b) This uneven sharing gives oxygen
negative
a slight __________ charge, while
hydrogen has a slight _________
positive
charge.
10. Properties of Water
c) The positively charged H of one molecule
is attracted to the negatively charged O
of another water molecule, forming a
_______________.
hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bonds are weaker
______than ionic or
covalent bonds.
Hydrogen
Bond
16. Properties of Water
mixture
6) A __________ is a material
composed of two or more
elements or compounds that are
_____________ physically
mixed together
but not ________________
chemically
mixed together.
7) Water can form two mixtures.
17. Properties of Water
a. Water as a solution
i. Water is the “_______________”, universal solvent
or
a substance in which the solute
dissolves.
polarity
ii. Water’s ___________ gives it the
ability to dissolve both ionic
compounds and other polar
molecules, such as _________
sugar
and ___________.
salt
19. Properties of Water
iii. Water will not mix with __________
substances like oil.
nonpolar
20. Properties of Water
b) Water can also be involved in
______________, suspensions
which are
mixtures of water and non-dissolved
material.
21. Acids, Bases and the
pH Scale
1) When an ionic
compound, such
as NaCl forms a
solution with
________, water
the
compounds
break apart and
form ions.
22. Acids, Bases and the
pH Scale
2) Water
sometimes
breaks apart
into ions as
well, at a rate
of 1 in 550
million
molecules of
water.
23. 3) When solutions contain ______
equal
amounts of OH- and H+, they are
considered _________.
neutral
24. Acids, Bases and the
pH Scale
4) When solutions contain more ______
than OH-, they are considered
_________.
5) When solutions contain more ______
than H+, they are considered
_________.
H+
acidic
OH-basic
27. Acids, Bases and the
pH Scale
5) We use a scale to represent the
concentration of H+ ions in
solution. We call this the
_____________.
pH scale
a) “p” stands for ____________.
potential
b) “H” stands for ____________.
hydrogen
28. Acids, Bases and the
pH Scale
The numbers on this
scale stand for a
negative power of 10.
For example, a pH of 5
would mean that there
are 1 x 10-5 H+ ions in
the solution.
Therefore, as you move
up on the pH scale, the
number of H+ ions in
solution inversely goes
down.
29. pH Example
pH 9 = 1 x 10-9 =
pH 5 = 1 x 10-5 =
pH 4 = 1 x 10-4 =
pH 3 = 1 x 10-3 =
pH 2 = 1 x 10-2 =
pH 1 = 1 x 10-1 =
.000000001
.00001
.0001
.001
.01
.1
10x
33. Acids, Bases and the
pH Scale
Buffers acids
bases
6) _________ are weak ______ or
______ that react with strong
acids and bases to prevent a
change in pH.
7) Most cellular fluids must remain
at _________ 6.5-7.5
or chemical
reactions will be affected.
