3. VARIATIONS OF
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
A. As to the method of preparation:
I.By Extraction method
Maceration
method
Compound Benzoin Tincture
Percolation method
Belladonna Tincture
Vanilla Tincture
4. VARIATIONS OF
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
II. By Simple Solution method
Employed for tinctures of chemical
substances
Iodine Tincture
Thimerosal Tincture
5. VARIATIONS of
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
B. As to strength of their active
ingredient:
1. Tinctures potent drugs
– 10 % in strength
Belladonna Tincture
6. VARIATIONS IN
OFFICIAL TINCTURES
2. Tinctures prepared from non potent
drugs
- 20 % in strength
Tolu Balsam Tincture
3. Tinctures prepared from undried
fresh fruit peel
- 50 % in strength
Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
7. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
C. As to their intended use in Pharmacy
and Medicine:
MEDICATED TINCTURES
1. ORAL TINCTURES
Disadvantages:
Unpleasant tasting
High alcohol content
9. 2. TOPICAL TINCTURES
Can cause stinging sensation when
applied to abraded or broken skin
Examples:
1. Compound Benzoin Tincture
–topical protectant
2. Iodine Tincture
–germicide
3. Thimerosal
– antiseptic
10. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
NON MEDICATED TINCTURES
– used as flavoring agents
Examples:
1. Vanilla Tincture
2. Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
3. Tolu Balsam Tincture
11. VARIATIONS IN TINCTURES
As to alcohol content:
Contains approximate range is
15% to 80% alcohol.
Examples:
Opium Tincture – 17 to 21 %
Compound Benzoin Tincture
– 74% to 80%
Iodine Tincture – 44 to 50%
Thimerosal Tincture – about 50%
12. AGEING can cause the
precipitation of the inactive
constituents in tinctures.
Glycerin may be added to
increase the solubility of the active
constituents and reduce precipitation
during storage.
Stored in a light-resistant containers
13. EXTRACTIVES
Obtained from plants and are
commonly called
GALENICALS
TINCTURES
FLUIDEXTRACTS
EXTRACTS
RESINS
15. FLUIDEXTRACTS
Liquid extracts of vegetable
drugs that contain alcohol as a
solvent, preservative, or both.
Prepared by Percolation
(Process P)
16. FLUIDEXTRACTS
Referred to as “100% tinctures”
Are considered too potent for
self administration, and too
bitter
Used today as flavoring agents
17. EXTRACTS
Concentrated preparations of
vegetable or animal drugs obtained
by removal of the active
constituents of the respective drugs
with suitable menstrua, evaporation
of all or nearly all of the solvent, and
adjustment of the residual masses
or powders to the prescribed
standards.
18. THREE FORMS OF EXTRACTS
SEMI-LIQUID EXTRACTS
- syrupy consistency
PILULAR OR SOLID EXTRACTS
plastic consistency
preferred in compounding
ointments or pastes
19. THREE FORMS OF EXTRACTS
POWDERED EXTRACTS
dry
preferred in compounding
powders, tablets, and capsules
Notes de l'éditeur
THE ALCOHOL CONTENT KEEPS THE ALCOHOL SOLUBLE EXTRACTIVES IN SOLUTION, PROTECTS IT FROM MICROBIAL GROWTH
MACERATION (MACERARE – TO SOAK) - CONDUCTED AT 15 TO 20 CELSIUS FOR 3 DAYS PERCOLATION (PERCOLARE – STRAIN THROUGH)