Presentación apoyo - "Technological Universities as Source of Innovation, Research, Knowledge Transfer and Entrepreneurship to Generate Competitive Advantages for their Territories", por el profesor Seeram Ramakrishna en el marco del "I encuentro Internacional de universidades tecnológicas" y "V Encuentro Universidad Empresa Estado" realizado en Cartagena de Indias 2011.

1. Technological Universities as Source of Innovation,
Research, Knowledge Transfer and Entrepreneurship to
Generate Competitive Advantages for their Territories
Professor Seeram Ramakrishna, FREng, FNAE, FAAAS
seeram@nus.edu.sg
Fifth Conference on University‐Business‐Government Interaction, Universidad Technoloigca de Bolivar, Colombia, August 22 to 24, 2011

2. Half Way Around the World! (16,000 km)
Colombia Singapore
~ 1,038,700 sq km ~ 687 sq km
~ 44 m ~5m
~ $285.5 billion GDP ~ $222.7 billion GDP

3. OUTLINE
Global Landscape
Singapore
National University of Singapore
Summary

4. Breakdown of Global R& D Spending
In 2010, Asia surpassed
40,0% US in having the highest
global share of spending
35,0% in R&D
% of Global R&D Spending
Asia
30,0%
25,0% USA
20,0% Europe
15,0%
Rest of the
World
10,0%
5,0%
0,0%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year 4
Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine, Global R&D Funding Forecast, editions:– Dec 2008 , Dec 2009 and Dec 2010 Changing Face of Innovation : Is it Shifting to Asia? Seeram & Daniel

5. Global Increases in Researchers
Total number of researchers: ~ 5 m (year 2000); ~ 10 m (year 2010)
US
US 1426
1342

6. Growing Importance of Universities to the Nations
in Scientific Research, Innovation & Economic Growth
Research Statistics - 2007
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as percent of GDP
Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) as percent of GDP
Source: OECD Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-64-05604-1 - © OECD 2009; A*STAR Singapore; Main
Science and Technology Indicators, OECD, Paris, 2009; Brazil: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT); India: National Science &
Technology Management Information System, Department of Science & Technology.

7. UniversitiesLandscape –
University Trends
Knowledge Generation and Knowledge Absorption are Global
* Introduction of Science and Technology
* New universities across Europe
* Trained workforce for Industry
* Scholarship funded by self, wealthy and
crowns
2000 & Beyond
* Enabling role of print media
1900 – 2000 * More than 15,000*
1600 ‐ 1900 universities worldwide
* Education + Scientific * Education + Research +
Research Economic Impact
* Massive expansion of * Global mobility of talent
university sector in
Pre‐1600 Europe and America * Ubiquitous information
and enabling role of ICT
* Few Institutions of Higher Learning * After WWII Nation
* Theology, Philosophy, Medicine, Law states funding research * Nation states funding
research for competitive
* Scholarship funded by self, wealthy and crown advantage
* Educated people for religious institutions and
courts of crowns
7
Changing Face of Innovation : Is it Shifting to Asia? Seeram & Daniel, 2011, World Scientific Publishers

8. Importance of Universities to the Nations
in a competitive global world
 Social mobility
 Rich source of research, analysis, commentary & thought
leadership
 Globally competitive human capital
 Impactful new knowledge generation and innovations to support
economy
 Magnet for investments resulting in wealth creation & job
creation
 Global reputation and visibility
8

10. Meeting the Expectations

11. OUTLINE
Global Landscape
Singapore
National University of Singapore
Summary

12. “What is interesting from a British perspective is that
there is a sense of ambition here which is hugely
impressive and when we consider our own
challenges, generating growth in the economy, there
is a lot we need to look at here at how they have
done it”
“….Interesting to see the evolution of education
system, language, legal system, civil service, in ways
we can learn from and we can hopefully share their
experience”
Antony Phillipson
British High Commissioner to Singapore
Monday August 8, 2011

13. Evolution of the Singapore Economy
From 1960 to 2010 Singapore’s GDP increased by ~40-fold
Per Capita
GDP US$B US$K
200 100
2000-
180 Knowledge/ 90
Innovation
160 80
Economy
140 70
1990 - 1999
120 60
Technology
100
Intensive 50
80 40
1980 - 1989
60 Capital 30
intensive
40 1970 – 1979 20
1960 - 1969 Skill
20 Labour intensive
10
intensive
0 0
1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Asian Financial 9-11 / Dot-Com Global Financial
Periods of Economic Contraction : Crisis 97-98 Burst 2001 Crisis 2009

14. Singapore  A small island city state with no natural resources
 Highly industrialized, developed & urbanized
 Best place to do business & live in Asia
Ranked 2nd most innovative vountry – by BCG
world’s second‐busiest container port and fourth‐largest
financial centre – Bloomberg
 A global hub for a range of industries, from financial services
to transportation, to pharmaceuticals
Most U.S. dollar‐millionaire households per capita
GDP (2010) $222.7 billion
Per capita GDP $62,100 (PPP)

15. Singapore
Education has been high priority since independence
Singapore Budget by Sector
Government
Administration,
3.4%
- % of 2010 Budget
Economic
Development, Education – 20.8% of
21.1 % Social 2010 Government
Development ,
43 % Budget
Security and
External Sufficient resources to support
Relations, quality mass education
32.5%
 Attract the best and brightest to
teaching and research
 Social mobility

16. Singapore High Priority - Education of People
Singapore Government Budget 2010
Total Expenditure by 46.37 bi
Government
Projected GDP 277.67 bi
Total Expenditure on Education 9.66 bi
Education Expenditure as % of 20.83%
Budget 2010
Total Expenditure on 2.52 bi
Universities
University Expenditure as % of 26.09%
Education Budget
Source : http://www.esc.gov.sg; Singapore
Government Budget 2010 & Statistics Singapore

17. Singapore Public Universities
 Source for best ideas globally
 Customize to local system and culture
Year
University Name Distinguishing Features
Founded
1905 National University of Singapore (NUS) Leading comprehensive University
Engineering, Business, Sciences +
1991 Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Medicine
Singapore Management University Business (strong link with Wharton
2000
(SMU) School)
Singapore University of Technology & Engineering (strong link with MIT &
2010
Design (SUTD) Zhejiang University)
University Cohort Participation Rate in Singapore
Year 1980 Year 2010
5% 26% (50,000 students)
Drop out rate of tertiary education students: OECD ~ 30%; Singapore ~ 5%

18. Singapore Government’s Goal: To transform Singapore into one of the
most research‐intensive, innovative and entrepreneurial economies in the world
in order to create high‐value add jobs and prosperity for Singaporeans
Higher Education
+ S&T Innovation
+ Enterprises
Driven Economy
Technology Intensive
Capital Intensive
Skills Intensive
Labour Intensive
1960 1980 2000 2020
18

19. Singapore’s Spending on R&D
Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
Singapore R&D Spending as % of GDP
3.5% Business Expenditure on R&D (BERD) 3.5%
BERD/GDP GERD/GDP
3.0%
3.0%
2.7%
2.5%
2.5%
2.5%
2.3% 2.3%
2.2% 2.2%
2.1% 2.1%
1.9% 1.9% 2.0%
2.0% {Public expenditure
on scientific research:
UK ~ 0.55%GDP
1.7%
1.5% Germany ~ 0.71%
1.5% 1.5% USA ~ 0.77%
1.4% France ~ 0.81%
1.3% 1.3% 1.3%
1.2% Singapore ~ 1%}
1.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2015
5-year S&T Plan
National National Science & Science & Science, Technology &
Technology Science & Technology Technology Enterprise Plan 2015
Plan Technology Plan Plan 2005 Plan 2010 (2011-2015)
(1991-1995) (1996-2000) (2001-2005) (2006-2010)
S$2 billion S$4 billion S$6 billion S$13.9 billion S$ 16.1 billion

20. Singapore’s Spending on R&D
1991‐1995: $ 2 billion ~3,000 researchers,
scientists & engineers,
RSEs in 1990
1996‐2000: $ 4 billion
2001‐2005: $ 6 billion
2006‐2010: $ 13.55 billion ~12,000 RSEs in 2010
2011‐2015: $ 16.1 billion

21. Singapore High Priority - Innovation
Global Averages:
R&D expend ~1.7% of total world GDP;
1544 researchers per million people
Singapore –3.5% GDP by 2015
Researchers / Million People
R&D Expend as % of GDP
Reference: R&D Magazine, Dec 2009 : 2010 Global Funding Forecast

22. Singapore’s output of papers, representing all fields

24. Key Features of R&D Management in Singapore
 Combination of top‐down and bottom‐up
 International bench‐marking/ peer review
 Industry inputs in shaping R&D thrusts
 Attract the best and brightest to the teaching and research
(pay scales pegged to the global bench‐marks; world‐
class infrastructure; culture of excellence)
 More local competition
 Meaningful global partnerships
 Co‐branding with the best in league
 Industry alignment fund

25. Ministry of Education’s Academic Research Council
 Robert Brown, Boston University
 Nicholas P Bigelow, University of Rochester
 Randal Bryant, Carnegie Mellon University
 Jean‐Lou Chameau, California Institute of Technology
 Mogens Flensted‐Jensen, University of Copenhagen
 Alice Gast, Lehigh University
 Philip Khoury, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 Sir George Radda, University of Oxford
 Judith Swain, University of California, San Diego
 Axel Ullrich, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
 Zhu Zuoyan, Peking University

26. Increasing Competition Locally
SUTD
Singapore Public Universities (2010)
SMU
(2000)
NTU
NUS (1991) Global Players in Singapore
(1980)
 MIT, USA
 UC Berkeley, USA
 ETH, Switzerland
 Technion, BU & HUJ, Israel
 Peking University, China
 Imperial College, UK
Singapore’s Public Research Institutes
 ASTAR’s 15 institutes
Private Sector Industry

27. University Town
Global Partnerships
Singapore National
Research Foundation’s
CREATE
Campus for Research
Excellence And
Technological Enterprise
(CREATE) co- located at
University Town
650,000 sq ft scientific research center
located at the National University of Singapore’s new 7 acre University Town campus.

28. Global Partnerships
Singapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and
Technology
1. Infectious Diseases
2. Environmental Sensing & Modeling
3. Bio‐Systems and Micromechanics
4. Future Urban Mobility

29. Global Partnerships
SINGAPORE‐ETH,
Switzerland: Future
Cities Laboratory

30. Global Partnerships
Singapore-Berkeley Research
Institute for Sustainable
Energy (SINBERISE)

31. Industry Alignment Fund
 $1.35bn (~ 10% of national R&D budget) is provisioned as
Industry Alignment Fund (IAF)
 IAF will be used to develop a portfolio of R&D programs
and capabilities that are aligned with the needs of industry
over the next 5‐10 years; as well as attract and stimulate a
higher level of industry R&D spending in Singapore

32. OUTLINE
Global Landscape
Singapore
National University of Singapore
Summary

33. Rooting Culture of Excellence @ Universities-
Ministry of Education, Singapore
Three-step Approach
Institutional Feedback
External
Self‐ and
Validation
Assessment Development
Source : MOE, Singapore
Take Action 33

34. Rooting Culture of Excellence @ Universities-
Ministry of Education, Singapore
• Leadership, • Resources &
strategies & operations that
policies that turn intentions
direct the How are we into action
university What are
trying
we trying
to achieve
to do?
this?
Virtuous
Quality
Spiral
How are
What are
we assessing
we learning?
our success?
• Indicators &
• Feedback & measures that
Learning signal and quantify
success
34
Source : MOE, Singapore

35. National University of Singapore (NUS) in
Nation’s Progress in a Globalized World
Human Capital • Differentiated learning
• Internationalization
Development • Global learning
• World class research infrastructure
Capacity Building in • Powerhouse for new knowledge
Research Excellence • Knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship
• Attraction of top talent (Local and International)
Global Partnerships • Test bedding innovative ideas for global
challenges
Magnet for • Talents (Local and International)
Investments & • Academic-Private-Government Partnerships
Economic Growth
• Academic leadership
Global Reputation • Academic innovations

36. Internationalization of University
NUS excels by providing differentiated
learning experience with
~ 50% faculty members,
~ 30% of undergraduates, and
~ 75% of graduates
~ 75% of researchers
from over 100 nations

37. Global Learning
Take NUS students
to the world
50% undergraduates go overseas;
20% for > 6 months
> 60 joint- & double-degree programmes
with top universities around the world
180 partner universities for student exchange
6 NUS Overseas Colleges across
the US, Europe, China and India

38. Global Education Partnerships
Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical
School Singapore Duke
Singapore‐MIT Alliance (SMA) MIT
The Logistics Institute‐Asia Pacific Georgia Tech
Masters in Public Policy Harvard
Executive Development Program Stanford
Design Technology Institute T/u Eindhoven
German Institute of Science & Technology T U Munich
French‐NUS Double Degree Program 6 Grandes Ecoles
International MBA Program Peking
NYU@NUS Law Program New York
JDP in Actuarial Studies & Economics Australian National
Joint PhD Program Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay

39. NUS-Government-Private Partnerships
Campus for Research
Excellence And
Technological Enterprise
(C.R.E.A.T.E.)
UNIVERSITY TOWN
BIOPOLIS
FUSIONOPOLIS
National University of
Singapore
part of National
Research Ecosystem
Within 7 KM radius SCIENCE PARK

40. Example S$150 million investment by GE and NUS (2008)
2,700 sq metres of new R&D laboratory on NUS Campus
NUS – GE Singapore Water Technology Centre
World – Class Collaborative Centre with Industry for advancing water technologies
 Self‐sufficiency in meeting national water needs
 Solutions for other nations

41. Example
$120m SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SINGAPORE (2008)
Solar panels
 World´s best person to lead it
 Clean energy technology solutions for Singapore and the world

42. ~ 92% of NUS’s Research Funds come from External Competitive Grants
Others (Other Min/Stat
NUS-funded Research Boards/Industry/
Foundations/
Programmes
Individuals)
4% RCEs (Cancer, CQT,
MOE Block Grant for Others (Other Min/Stat Mechanobiology)
Research (Tier 1) Boards/Industry/
4% Foundations/ Individuals) MOH
28%
NRF (Projects)
A*STAR
9%
MOE Competitive Grants
(Tier 2)
MOE Competitive Grants
(Tier 2)
7% NRF (other than RCE
funding)
RCEs (Cancer, CQT,
Mechanobiology) MOE Block Grant for
A*STAR Research (Tier 1)
18%
15%
MOH
15% NUS-funded Research

43. RESEARCH: Inputs and Outputs/Outcomes
Research
Trained
Quality? manpower
Skilled
employment
Research
Grant O
O Prizes Social policy
U
U Awards change
Ideas: T
T
proposals, Research Journals C
INPUTS P Books Citations
and black box
U Conf papers O
partnerships Patents M
T Key notes
Licenses E
Numbers – S Spin‐offs Op’ed
Industrial of researchers, S
facilities, Academies Investments;
contracts
collaboration Editorial Revenue
Boards

44. External Research Grants Awarded to NUS
Total Project Value Awarded by External Funding Agencies
(FY2002 - FY2009)
$400 369
$350
Project Value S$million
$300
263
$250 223
$200
162
$150
110
$100 88
$50
$0
FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09
Financial Year

45. New Knowledge Generation
Share of Publications in Journals
Others
3%
Ranking of Share of Publications
A*STAR by Higher Education
14% 1 National University of
Singapore (NUS)
2 Nanyang Technological
NUS University (NTU)
52% 3 Agency for Science,
NTU
Technology and
31% Research (A*STAR)
4 Others
Period from Year 2000 to 31 Aug 2010
Source : Accessed Thomson Reuters -Web of Science data on 1 Sep 2010; Journal Publications with Impact Factor

46. 2010-11 THE World University Rankings for NUS
World rank: 34th
Asia rank: 4th
Contribute to 52% of
Singapore’s total research
output of about 60,000 journal
articles for the past decade
Materials Science is the BEST
performance for NUS with its
papers cited at more than twice
the world average.
Other fields in the physical
sciences with substantial output
and high relative impact by
NUS researchers were
Mathematics, Engineering and
Chemistry.
Source: www.timeshighereducation.co.uk

47. Wise Expectations are Function of Nature and Degree
Universities Trends
of Evolution of a University
* Peaks of excellence‐ national & global visibility
* Membership of prestigious academies
* International awards & prizes#
* Peer partnerships
* Plenary lectures
* Journal & conference papers
* Thought leadership &
* Pockets of research
influence
* Research income
* Transformative ideas &
* Conferences * High research averages across the university
impact
* Consultancy * High impact factor journal papers
* Value to the respective eco‐
* Books * Citations, citations per paper, highly cited system
papers, h‐index, g‐index, etc
* National and global
* Editorial boards, patents, copy rights, reputation
licenses, start‐ups, spin‐offs, industry income
* Advisory boards, high level committees
There is no common definition of a world class university but most can point to its aspects
By and large universities operate within the realm of local and national dynamics
Individual academics can create impact without resorting to the above step-wise approach 47

49. OUTLINE
Global Landscape
Singapore
National University of Singapore
Summary

50. More such information can be found in this book …..

51. National Level
• Clear vision for higher education
• Commitment of adequate resources (recurrent and fixed)
• Competitive research funds
• Autonomy to the universities
• Framework for Accountability and Quality Assurance
• International Academic Advisory Panel/ External Review Panel
University Level
• Overseers of the university to comprise successful business leaders,
entrepreneurs, scholars, policy makers, philanthropists
• Shared strategies, goals and plans
• Aligned governance structures and processes
• Self‐assessment and plans for improvement
• Celebrate excellence 51

52. College/Faculty/School Level
• Visiting committees
• Performance based rewards and resource allocation
• Celebrate excellence
Department Level
• Visiting committees
• Accreditations, where applicable
• Performance based promotion and tenure
• Bench‐marking with peer groups
• Celebrate excellence
52

53. Individual Academics
• Teaching quality and effectiveness
• Relative research excellence in niche area(s)
• Leadership and visibility
• (Globally) competitive remuneration packages
• Ethics & integrity
Students and Staff
• Merit based admission of students
• Source globally for graduate students and researchers
• Competitive remuneration
53

54. 21st Century
Excellent Universities and Nodes
of Scientific Research &
Innovation in Specific Areas are
Globally Dispersed
54

55. THANK YOU !
seeram@nus.edu.sg
55