The document discusses the external environment and organizational culture of businesses. It defines the mega-environment and task environment, explaining their key elements like technological, economic, sociocultural, political, and international factors. It also describes how environmental uncertainties can impact organizations and the methods used to manage the environment, like adaptation and forecasting. Finally, it outlines the importance of organizational culture and how visible artifacts and underlying assumptions shape culture.

1. Lecture 2 Understanding Competitive Environment and Organisational Culture Prepared by: ANS First Prepared on: 13-12-05 Last Modified on: xx-xx-xx Quality checked by: HKP Copyright 2004 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology Introduction to Management BM007-3-1-IMT

4. Environment MEGA-ENVIRONMENT Labour Government Agencies Customers & Clients Supplier Competitors TASK ENVIRONMENT Technological Element Economic Element Legal-political Element Sociocultural Element International Element

22. McDonald’s Task Environment

27. Visible Artifacts such as dress, office layout, symbols, slogans, ceremonies Invisible Expressed values such as “The Penney Idea,” “The H-P Way” Underlying assumptions and deep beliefs such as “people are lazy and can’t be trusted” Culture that can be seen at the surface level Deeper values and shared understandings held by organization members.

29. Levels of organizational culture—observable culture and core culture.

32. QUESTIONS Slide of 18