AP HuG - Gender - Discuss GII, GEM, GDI - Health and Cultural issues that face women around the world.

1. Gender

2. Gender
I. Demography, Health Issues
A. Longevity Gap: difference in life expectancy between
men & women
1. Global norm, Women outlive men
B. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): # of Women who
die during childbirth per 100,000 live births
1. Inadaquate medical services
2. Malnutrition
3. Illegal abortions
C. Infanticide: killing a child before 1 year old
1. Prenatal Gender Detection: find out gender before
birth.
2. Hindu Society: Males = Lineage + Lighting father’s
funeral pyre. Females = Dowry payment
3. Dowry Death = Bride killed if full dowry not paid
4. One Child Policies

3. Gender
C. Female Genitalia Mutilation (FGM)
1. Cause:
a. Ancient ritual
b. Ensure virginity, suitability for marriage
c. Control women’s attitude toward sex
2. Problems
a. Infection, infertility, child birth issues
3. Who/Where
a. Africa, SE Asia, Mid/Cen Asia
b. 2 Million girls under 11 every year

10. Female Mortality Rate

12. Gender
II. Culture & Society
A. Gendered Spaces
B. Job Discrimination & occupation Segregation
C. Wage Inequalities
D. Unequal Access/Rights in Courts
1. Domestic Violence, Rape
2. Divorce
E. Sharia Law
1. Controlling of women’s clothing
2. No: music, celebrations, jobs, schooling, adultery
F. Work & Education
1. Africa, S/SE Asia: Domestic & Subsistant Ag
2. Women produce 40% of world’s food
3. 65-75% of Indian Women illiterate
4. Work in Informal Markets

16. Gender
III.Measuring Inequality
A. GEM: Gender Empowerment Measurement
1. Women’s ability to participate in econ/pol decisions
B. GDI: Gender Development Index
A. Measures gender gaps in the HDI index
C. GII: Gender Inequality Index
1. Reproductive health, empowerment, labor market