2. Fertilisation in Humans To put it simply, it’s an “egg and sperm race”… Egg Sperm

3. Fertilisation

4. Eggs and sperm The female egg cell and the male sperm cell are examples of ____________ cells: The egg cell is basically an enlarged cell with massive _____ reserves The ______ cell is specialised in two ways: Words – food, swimming, sperm, specialised, digest Head packed with “enzymes” to ______ its way through the egg Strong tail for ________ Nucleus

5. Male reproductive system

6. Female reproductive system

8. Fertilisation and implantation

9. The fertilised cell replicates by Mitosis Each cell is identical up to the 32 cell stage and after that it is known as an Embryo

10. 1 st and 2 nd Division

11. From embryo to foetus – animation

12. Inside the womb Placenta – allows the mother’s blood to come close to the baby’s to allow exchange of food, oxygen and wastes by diffusion. The placenta also has a large surface area.

13. 5 Weeks

14. 6 Weeks

15. 7 Weeks

16. 8 Weeks

17. 3 Months

18. 4 Months

19. 6 Months

20. 4 weeks 9 weeks 20 weeks 40 weeks

21. In order for the embryo to survive and grow it needs nutrition and for waste products to be removed. The PLACENTA is the link between the baby and the mother. The two blood supplies run very close to each other to allow waste products and useful substances to pass between the baby mother. The baby is linked to the PLACENTA by the UMBILICAL CORD

22. Foetus Uterine wall ???? AMNIOTIC FLUID surrounds the foetus as it grows in the uterus and provides protection by cushioning the foetus

23. How does the baby get out? The uterus is made of strong muscle. When the baby is fully grown (40 weeks in humans) the uterus begins to CONTRACT pushing the baby out. Birth animation. The baby is no longer linked to its mother by the placenta. What will it have to start doing on its own to survive?

24. Giving birth The following events happen when a woman is about to give birth: 1) The amniotic sac bursts (“water breaking”) 2) Muscles in the uterus wall start contracting to push the baby out 3) The muscles in the cervix relax and widen

25. Glue the diagram in to your book - add labels and descriptions Question: Why is it important for a mother to lead a healthy lifestyle while they are pregnant? What sort of things should they avoid doing?

26. A. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract at regular intervals. B. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the mother’s body. C. The muscles of the cervix relax and the head of the baby passes into the vagina . D. The baby turns so that its head is above the cervix, ready for birth. E. The contractions of the uterus push the baby out through the vagina. F. The amnion splits and the watery amniotic fluid runs out. Put these sentences about the stages of birth in the right order. 7B Pregnancy – Birth A. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract at regular intervals. B. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the mother’s body. C. The muscles of the cervix relax and the head of the baby passes into the vagina . D. The baby turns so that its head is above the cervix, ready for birth. E. The contractions of the uterus push the baby out through the vagina. F. The amnion splits and the watery amniotic fluid runs out.