Two modern cosmologies are outlined: the Big Bang Theory and the Expanding Universe Theory. The Big Bang Theory proposes that approximately 18 billion years ago, the universe exploded into existence from a single point. This is supported by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the universe is constantly increasing in disorder, and by gravity, as described by Newton. The Expanding Universe Theory, developed in the 1920s by Edwin Hubble, found that galaxies are moving away from each other, indicating the universe is expanding from an initial smaller state, supporting the idea of an initial explosion that set the universe in motion.

1. Cosmologies

2. Target
• I will be able to:
Briefly outline two cosmologies of Modern
Science

3. What is Cosmology?
• Cosmology which deals with the origin and
nature of the universe owes many of its
questions to science. Main question is was
there a creation event or has the universe
always existed?
• If it was always here it is ageless and
therefore cannot be determined by age. If
there was a definite moment of creation we
must accept that before that there was
nothing.

4. COSMOLOGIES
• Scientific results of the 20th century
have lead to a fundamental change of
Time Space and Matter theories. New
theories enabled Scientist,
philosophers and theologians to think
anew about the origins of the universe
and life itself

5. Religion and Science
• Religion and Science had a strained
relationship that began in the 15TH Century,
when science sought to answer questions
that were to this point answered by religion.
Copernicus 1473-1543 laid the foundation for
modern physics and astronomy discovered
that the earth revolves around the sun and
that it rotates on its own axis. As religion had
stated that the earth was the centre of
everything a strained relationship occurred

6. Cosmologies
• Most cosmologists and astronomers
believe that there was a certain event
• Big Bang Theory
• Expanding Universe Theory

7. Big Bang Theory
• 18 billion yrs ago world exploded into
existence. Two main reasons for this:
• 1. Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 2. Gravity

8. 1. Second Law of
Thermodynamics
• : states that everyday the world becomes more
disordered and eventually it will fall into total chaos.
People grow old shorelines erode. Even if something
new is built it is due to the destruction of something
else. The world is always moving towards chaos.
Entropy is the system through which scientist
measure disorder. When this system can go no
higher it has reached Thermodynamic equilibrium at
this stage the universe will die from heat death…..
have discovers that the earths core is 4 ½ billion yrs
old the sun is a little older but cannot burn forever

9. 2. Gravity
• Isaac Newton, gravity is a universal
force, planets revolve around the sun
this is due to a centrifugal effect same
as balls in a roulette wheel eventually
when the wheels stop the ball drops.
• http://youtu.be/VOz4PkdY7aA

10. Expanding Universe Theory:
• 1920’s Edwin Hubble American
Astronomer, Galaxies are moving
apart. If the universe is expanding it
must have been smaller at some point.
The expansion rate is slowing down
this supports the view that there was
an initial explosion set universe in
motion
• http://youtu.be/DClEXO0pCZ4