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Phase diagram (Muda Ibrahim)

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Muda Ibrahim
Muda Ibrahim
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2.0) PHASE DIAGRAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object]
Define Phase Diagram ,[object Object]
PHASE DIAGRAMS THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
Some basic concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concepts…... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A simple phase diagram Triple point (Invariant point) Solid Liquid Vapor Pressure Temperature Phase boundary System: H 2 O
Gibb’s Phase Rule P + F = C + 2 P=number of phases C=number of components F=number of degrees of freedom (number of independent variables) Modified Gibbs Phase Rule (for incompressible systems) P + F = C + 1 Pressure is a constant variable F = C - P + 2 F = C - P + 1
Application of the phase rule At triple point, P=3, C=1, F=0 i.e. this is an invariant point At phase boundary, P=2, C=1, F=1 In each phase, P=1, C=1, F=2
Solidification(cooling) curves L S L S Pure metal Alloy T m L S L + S Solidification complete Soldification begins T L T S
Construction of a simple phase diagram ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results L S L S t T L L + S T L T S S L L + S T L T S Pure Cu Cu-10%Ni Cu-20%Ni L L S Pure Ni S T Ni T Cu
Binary isomorphous phase diagram x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x L+S L S Composition Temp T Cu T Ni 10 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 20 0 100 Cu Ni %Ni Cu Ni
Microstructural changes during solidification L S L S T t T m L S Pure metal S
Microstructural changes during solidification L S Alloy L + S T L T S L S T t
L Binary isomorphous phase diagram L+S L S Composition T 10 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 20 0 100 A B %B L L S T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 C L C 0 C S
Notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Notes….. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lever Rule
Some calculations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Eutectic Phase Diagram T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  E T E C E   Liquidus Solidus Solvus L  +  T E , C L =C E 
T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  E T E C E   Pure A or B Other alloys between A and B C E L S L  +  L  +  L L L+  L  +   + 
T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  E T E C E   Solidification for alloy of eutectic composition L S  +   + 
Eutectic microstructure Lamellar structure
T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  T E C E   L Proeutectic   +   + 
L T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  T E C E   L   particles
The Eutectoid Phase Diagram T A B Wt%B   +   +   +  E T E C E     +  T E , C  =C E 
 T A B Wt%B   +   +   +  E T E C E   Cooling of an alloy of eutectoid composition S  +   +  
 T A B Wt%B   +   +   +  E T E   Cooling of an alloy of hypoeutectoid composition S  +   +    Pro-eutectiod  Pro-eutectiod 
The Peritectic Phase Diagram T A B Wt%B L  + L  + L  +  P T P C P    L  at T P  N M Note:  and L will react only in a certain proportion= NP:PM L L  
T A B Wt%B L  + L  + L  +  P T P C P    L  at T P  N M Note:  and L will react only in a certain proportion= NP:PM 10 25 85 NP:PM=1:2 60 L L  L  
T A B Wt%B L  + L  + L  +  P T P C P    L  at T P  N M Note:  and L will react only in a certain proportion= NP:PM L L  L  
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Phase diagram (Muda Ibrahim)

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  • 4. PHASE DIAGRAMS THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
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  • 7. A simple phase diagram Triple point (Invariant point) Solid Liquid Vapor Pressure Temperature Phase boundary System: H 2 O
  • 8. Gibb’s Phase Rule P + F = C + 2 P=number of phases C=number of components F=number of degrees of freedom (number of independent variables) Modified Gibbs Phase Rule (for incompressible systems) P + F = C + 1 Pressure is a constant variable F = C - P + 2 F = C - P + 1
  • 9. Application of the phase rule At triple point, P=3, C=1, F=0 i.e. this is an invariant point At phase boundary, P=2, C=1, F=1 In each phase, P=1, C=1, F=2
  • 10. Solidification(cooling) curves L S L S Pure metal Alloy T m L S L + S Solidification complete Soldification begins T L T S
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  • 12. Results L S L S t T L L + S T L T S S L L + S T L T S Pure Cu Cu-10%Ni Cu-20%Ni L L S Pure Ni S T Ni T Cu
  • 13. Binary isomorphous phase diagram x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x L+S L S Composition Temp T Cu T Ni 10 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 20 0 100 Cu Ni %Ni Cu Ni
  • 14. Microstructural changes during solidification L S L S T t T m L S Pure metal S
  • 15. Microstructural changes during solidification L S Alloy L + S T L T S L S T t
  • 16. L Binary isomorphous phase diagram L+S L S Composition T 10 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 20 0 100 A B %B L L S T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 C L C 0 C S
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  • 20. The Eutectic Phase Diagram T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  E T E C E   Liquidus Solidus Solvus L  +  T E , C L =C E 
  • 21. T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  E T E C E   Pure A or B Other alloys between A and B C E L S L  +  L  +  L L L+  L  +   + 
  • 22. T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  E T E C E   Solidification for alloy of eutectic composition L S  +   + 
  • 24. T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  T E C E   L Proeutectic   +   + 
  • 25. L T A B Wt%B L  +L  +L  +  T E C E   L   particles
  • 26. The Eutectoid Phase Diagram T A B Wt%B   +   +   +  E T E C E     +  T E , C  =C E 
  • 27.  T A B Wt%B   +   +   +  E T E C E   Cooling of an alloy of eutectoid composition S  +   +  
  • 28.  T A B Wt%B   +   +   +  E T E   Cooling of an alloy of hypoeutectoid composition S  +   +    Pro-eutectiod  Pro-eutectiod 
  • 29. The Peritectic Phase Diagram T A B Wt%B L  + L  + L  +  P T P C P    L  at T P  N M Note:  and L will react only in a certain proportion= NP:PM L L  
  • 30. T A B Wt%B L  + L  + L  +  P T P C P    L  at T P  N M Note:  and L will react only in a certain proportion= NP:PM 10 25 85 NP:PM=1:2 60 L L  L  
  • 31. T A B Wt%B L  + L  + L  +  P T P C P    L  at T P  N M Note:  and L will react only in a certain proportion= NP:PM L L  L  
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