2. INTRODUCTION
ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYST.
ACCELERATE THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
WITHOUT UNDERGOING ANY PERMANENT
CHEMICAL CHANGE .
THE TERM ‘ENZYME‘ COMES FROM THE GREEK
ENZUME.
FIRST USED BY KUHNE IN 1878.
FIRST ENZYME –’UREASE’ FROM JACK-BEAN
,PURIFIED AND CRYSTALLISED BY JAMES SUMNERM
OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
3. CONTD…
ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS ,COMPOSED OF FOLDED PEPTIDE
CHAINS CONTAINING A WIDE RANGE OF AMINO ACIDS.
HIGH SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF ENZYMES IS DUE TO THE
INDIVIDUAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE ACTIVE SITE WHERE
ONLY CERTAIN MOLECULES CAN PERFORM THEIR REACTION.
4. FUNCTIONS OF TEXTILE PROCESSING ENZYMES
DESIZING COTTON WITH AMYLASES
AMYLASES ARE USED AS DESIZING AGENTS TO REMOVE
STARCH FROM FABRICS AFTER WEAVING.
STARCH IS A POLYSACCHARIDE COMPOSED OF GLUCOSE UNITS
PRIMARILY LINKED BY ALPHA(1-4)GLUCOSIDIC BONDS WITH
ALPHA(1-6)LINKEDSIDE CHAINS.
ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE COMPLETE DEGRADATION OF
STARCH ARE ALPHA-AMYLASES ,BETA-AMYLASES AND
GLUCOAMYLASE.
THE OPTIMUM pH LIES BETWEEN 5 AND 7.
ENZYMATIC DESIZING IS PRACTISED HIGH LEVELS OF DYE
FASTNESS ARE DEMANDED.
5. ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
THE ENZYME CATALASES PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN TEXTILE
INDUSTRY.
THEY ARE USED TO GET RID OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE .
THIS IS MAINLY DONE BECAUSE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE TENDS TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMPTION WHILE
WASHING THE BLEACHED COTTON.
6. ENZYMATIC SCOURING OF COTTON
SCOURING IS THE PROCESS OF REMOVING NATURAL AND
ADDED IMPURITIES ,TO IMPROVE THE COTTON PROPERTIES.
ENZYMES USED ARE
LIPASES,PECTINASES,PROTEASES, CELLULASES AND THEIR
MIXTURES.
THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF USING ENZYMES IS THAT IT
REDUCES WATER AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
