Oil and gas were formed from the remains of ancient organisms millions of years ago. The industry is divided into upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors. Upstream involves exploration and production of oil and gas from underground reservoirs. Midstream includes gathering and processing crude oil and gas. Downstream refers to refining oil and distributing gas products to consumers. Safety hazards in the industry include vehicle collisions, explosions and fires, falls, confined spaces, high pressure lines and equipment, electrical energy, and machine hazards. Protective equipment is necessary to mitigate these risks.

2. OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Presented By:
 Muhammad asif gulzar
 hikmatyar
Submitted To:
Sir Rashid Bhatti

3. Introduction to Oil and Gas industry consists of
the following sections:
1) Oil formation
2) Upstream & Downstream
3) Life cycle of oil field
Introduction to Oil & Gas Industry

4. Oil was formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions
of years ago in a marine (water) environment before the
dinosaurs. Over the years, the remains were covered by layers of
mud. Heat and pressure from these layers helped the remains turn into
oil which we today call crude oil . The word "petroleum" means "rock
oil" or "oil from the earth."
Oil Formation

5.  Oil and Gas are called Hydrocarbons because
they are compound of atoms of hydrogen
and carbon.
 Methane (gas) – the simplest hydrocarbon with one
carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms; is written as
CH4.
Scientific Definition

6.  The Industry is usually divided in to 3 major
components;
 Up stream
 Mid stream
 Down stream
Sectorsof Industry

7.  The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as
the exploration and production (E&P) sector.
 The upstream sector includes the searching for
potential underground or underwater crude oil and
natural gas fields, drilling of exploratory wells, and
subsequently drilling and operating the wells that
recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural
gas to the surface
Up Stream

8. Mid Stream
Midstream operations and processes include the
following:
Gathering: The gathering process employs narrow,
low-pressure pipelines to connect oil- and gas-
producing wells to larger, long-haul pipelines or
processing facilities
Processing/refining: Processing and refining
operations turn crude oil and gas into marketable
products. In the case of crude oil, these products
include heating oil, gasoline for use in vehicles, jet
fuel, and diesel oil.

9. Down Stream
 The downstream sector commonly refers to the
refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing
and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the
marketing and distribution of products derived from
crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector
touches consumers through products such as
gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil,
heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt,
natural gas, and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as well
as hundreds of petrochemicals.

11. Oil and Gas Exploration companies Pakistan Oilfields, Mari Gas, SSGC, SNGPL
Oil Refineries Attock, National, Pakistan Refinery
Oil and Gas Marketing companies PSO, Shell Pak, SSGC, SNGPL, Mari Gas
Captive Power Plants WAPDA, KESC
Independent Power Projects HUBCO, Japan Power
Oil & GasSector inPakistan

12. Muhammad asif
gulzar
p. No 50614

13. Safety Hazards Associated with Oil & Gas
Extraction
Oil and gas well drilling and servicing activities involve
many different types of equipment and materials.
Recognizing and controlling hazards is critical to preventing
injuries and deaths. Several of these hazards are
highlighted below;
 Vehicle Collision
 Explosions and Fires
 Falls
 Confined Space
 High Pressure Lines and Equipment
 Electrical and Other Hazardous Energy
 Machine Hazards

14. Vehicle Collision
Workers and equipment are required
to be transported to and fro the well
sites. Wells are often located in remote
areas, and require traveling long
distances to get to the sites. Highway
vehicle crashes are the leading cause
of oil and gas extraction worker
fatalities. Roughly 4 of every 10
workers killed on the job in this
industry , are killed as a result of a
highway vehicle incident.

15. Explosions and Fires
Workers in the oil and gas industries face
the risk of fire and explosion due to
ignition of flammable vapours or gases.
Flammable gases, such as well gases,
vapours, and hydrogen sulfide, can be
released from wells, trucks, production
equipment or surface equipment such as
tanks and shale shakers. Ignition sources
can include static, electrical energy
sources, open flames, lightning,
cigarettes, cutting and welding tools, hot
surfaces, and frictional heat.

16. Falls
Workers might be required to
access platforms and equipment
located high above the ground.
OSHA requires fall protection to
prevent falls from the mast,
drilling platform, and other
elevated equipment.

17. Confined Space
Workers are often required to enter
confined spaces such as petroleum
and other storage tanks, mud pits,
reserve pits and other excavated
areas, sand storage containers, and
other confined spaces around a
wellhead. Safety hazards associated
with confined space include ignition
of flammable vapors or gases. Health
hazards include asphyxiation and
exposure to hazardous chemicals.

18. High Pressure Lines and Equipment
Workers might be exposed to hazards
from compressed gases or from high-
pressure lines. Internal erosion of lines
might result in leaks or line bursts,
exposing workers to high-pressure hazards
from compressed gases or from high-
pressure lines. If connections securing
high-pressure lines fail, struck-by hazards
might be created.

19. Electrical and Other Hazardous Energy
Energy Workers might be
exposed to uncontrolled
electrical, mechanical, hydraulic,
or other sources of hazardous
energy if equipment is not
designed, installed, and
maintained properly.

20. Machine Hazards
Oil and gas extraction workers may be exposed to a
wide variety of rotating wellhead equipment,
including top drives and Kelly drives, drawworks,
pumps, compressors, catheads, hoist blocks, belt
wheels, and conveyors, and might be injured if they
are struck by or caught between unguarded
machines.

21. Muhammad asif
gulzar
p.No 50614

22. Safety Equipments in
Oil & Gas Industry

23. General Safety
Helmets Goggles Shields

24. General Safety
Special Shoes Gloves
Special Masks

25. Chemical Safety
Safety to harmful gases Chem-Resistant Footwear Protective Clothing

26. Welding Safety

28. YOUR QUESTIONS…?