types of communication

1. Types of communication
By Natasha Uppal

2. Classification/Types of Communication
• Interpersonal communication
• Intrapersonal communication
• Group Communication
• Mass Communication
According to number of
persons who receive the
message
• Verbal Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Meta- Communication
On the basis of the medium
employed

3. Classification/Types of Communication
• Formal communication
• Informal communication
On the basis of
organizational structure
• Downward communication
• Upward communication
• Horizontal communication
• Diagonal communication
On the basis of flow or
direction

4. Verbal/oral
communication
Oral Media: Where
spoken words are
used .It includes
face-to-face
conversations,
speech, radio,
telephone etc.
Written Media
:Where written signs
or symbols are used
to communicate . A
written message may
be printed or hand
written.

5. Oral
Face to face
Telephonic conversation
Interviews
Meetings
Lectures
Conferences
Symposiums
Radio Talks, TV, Cinema
shows
Announcements

6. Face to face
 Communication between
two or more people by
direct contact.
 Advantages:
 Helps people to express
ideas, feelings much
better.
 Helps to realize easily ,
the person is sincere or
not.
 Can get response
Immediately, without
misunderstanding.
 Disadvantage:
 It is less reliable.
 Not suitable for lengthy
message.
 It provides no record for
future reference.
 It has language problem.
 Influenced by self interest.
 It does not provide
sufficient time for thinking
before conveying.

7. Written
communication
various forms:
Reports
Circulars
Magazines
Manuals
Memoranda
Newspapers
Pictures, diagrams,
graphs..
Orders
Notice boards..
 Advantages:
 Information is in uniform manner.
 Permanent record of
communication.
 Ideal way for lengthy messages.
 Complete, clear, precise and
correct.
 Suited to convey large no of people.
 Means of exchange at distant
places.
 Disadvantages:
 Expensive
 Time consuming and rigid, no scope
for alterations.

8. Non-Verbal
Nonverbal communication
is the sending or receiving
of wordless messages,
such as gesture, body
language, posture, tone of
voice or facial expressions
are non verbal
communication.
Types of nonverbal;
Kinesics(body language)
Haptics (touch language)
Proxemics ( space)
Chronemics( time)
Silence
Paralanguage
Sign
Nonverbal communication
you cannot NOT communicate !

9. Kinesics
Kinesics is the
interpretation of body
language such as
facial expressions
and gestures or,
more formally, non-
verbal behavior
related to movement,
either of any part of
the body or the body
as a whole.
-Facial expression
-Postures
-Body Movements
-Gestures
-Eye contact
-Haptics

10. Proxemics
To communicate
while keeping a
distance/ space.
The amount of
distance we
need and the
amount of space
we perceive as
belonging to us
is influenced by
no of factors
including social
norms,
situational
factors,
personality etc…

11. Signs

12. Silence
 Allowing silence in a conversation puts pressure on
the other person.
 Silence can indicate hostility.
 Silence can indicate disagreement.
 Silence can indicate respect.
 Silence can indicate contemplation.
 Silence can be the creation of a listening space.
 Silence can be an indication of empathy.

13. Paralanguage
Attributes of speaking
which include the pitch,
the tone, the volume,
tempo, rhythm,
articulation, resonance,
nasality and even the
accent of the speaker
collectively known as
paralanguage.

14. Chronemics
Chronemics is the study
of the use of time
in nonverbal
communication. The way
that one perceives and
values time, structures
time and reacts to time
frames communication.
Across cultures, time
perception plays a large
role in the nonverbal
communication...

15. Interpersonal
communication
Communication
between two or
more people
called inter-
personal
communication

16. Intrapersonal
Communication
Intra-personal
communicatio
n is a process
in which
people
communicate
with
themselves
either
consciously or
unconsciously.

17. Group communication

18. Mass
Communication
Communication
through electronic
gadgets (mass
media0 like books,
journals, TV,
newspapers etc

19. Meta
communication
It is a secondary
communication (including
indirect cues about how a
piece of information is
meant to be interpreted.
It is based on idea that
the same message
accompanied by different
meta-communication can
mean something entirely
different, including its
opposite

20. Informal
communication
Includes instances of
free and unrestrained
communication between
people who share a
casual rapport with each
other.
Casual Conversation
Grapevine
Personal Conversation
No rules
Friend or family
Consensus

21. Formal
communication
Formal communication
implies the flow of the
information along the
lines of authority formally
established by the
enterprise.
Conferences
Meetings
Memos
Policy manuals
Corporate letters..etc

22. Vertical
communication
Communication
between a
superior and
subordinate is
known as
vertical
communication.
Vertical
communication
maybe
downward
vertical
communication
or upward
vertical
communication.

23. Downward
communication
Downward
communication follows
the line of authority from
the top to the bottom of
the organization
hierarchy. It is needed :
1. To get things done
2. prepare for changes
3. To discourage lack of
understanding and
suspicion
4. To let the member
have a sense of
belonging to the
organization.
Boss
Notices
Orders Memos
Letters
Bulletins

24. Upward
communication
Upward communication
means the flow of
information from the lower
levels of the organization to
the higher levels of authority.
It is needed:
1. To create receptiveness
of communication
2. Active participation
3. To evaluate effectiveness
of communication
4. Morale/coordination/idea
s.

25. Diagonal
Communication
Diagonal
communication
is transfer of
information
between people
who are neither
in the same
department nor
on the same
level of
organization
hierarchy is
called diagonal
communication.

26. Horizontal
communication
The transmission
of information
and
understanding
between people
at the same level
of organization
hierarchy is
called the
horizontal
communication
i:e the
communication
between two
departmental
managers. Also
called lateral or
sideward
communication.

28. Phew! Thank you!