Pollution

POLLUTION OF AIR & WATER
TANAY SHUKLA
VIII B

AIR POLLUTION
 The air and water are not the same as our elders
had enjoyed.
 There are chances that clean Air and Water may
no longer be available to us.
 Harmful changes that take place in our
surroundings are effecting our lives

AIR POLLUTION
 Survival without Air is impossible.
 Air consists of a mixture of gases.
 Nitrogen 78%
 Oxygen 21%
 Carbon Dioxide, Argon, Methane, Ozone and
Water Vapour 1%

AIR POLLUTION
 There is a difference in air at the following
places:-
 A park
 A busy road
 A residential area
 An industrial area
 A village and a town

AIR POLLUTION
 There is a change in the Air at all these
places.
 The change is in the smoke that is present
in the Air.
 When Air is contaminated by unwanted
substances which have harmful effect both
on living and non-living things it is said to be
polluted.

HOW DOES AIR GET
POLLUTED ?
 The substance that contaminate air are
called Air pollutanats.
 Sometimes Air pollutants can be natural
sources such as:-
 Smoke and dust from forest fire
 Volcanic erruptions

HOW DOES AIR GET
POLLUTED ?
 Pollutants are also added to the
atmosphere by human activities such as:-
 Factories
 Power plants
 Automobile exaust
 Burning of firewood
 Burning of cow dung
 This has resulted in rise of respiratory
problemes.

VEHICULAR POLLUTION
 Vehiles produce high levels of pollutants
like:-
 Carbon monoxide - Produced by incomplete
burning of fule such as petrol and diesel. It is a
poisonous gas. It reduces the oxygen carrying
capacity of blood.
 Nitrogen oxide
 Smoke

SMOG
 Smog is made up of smoke and fog.
 Smoke may contain oxides of nitrogen
which combine with other air pollutants and
fog to form smog.
 The smog causes breathing difficulties
such as asthma, cough and wheezing in
children.

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
 Industries also cause air pollution.
 Petroleum refiniries are major sources of
gaseous pollutant such as sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide.
 Sulphur dioxide is produced by burning of coal. It
can cause respiraory problemes including
permanent lung damage.

OTHER POLLUTANTS
 Chloroflurocarbons (CFC) are used in
refigerators, air conditioners and aerosol
sprays.
 CFCs damage the ozone layer.
 In addition automobile exaust produces
tiny particles which reduce visibility.

CASE STUDY - THE TAJ MAHAL
 Taj Mahal is made up of white marble.
 The are pollutants are affecting the
structure.
 It is not only the living organisms but also
non-living things that get affected by Air
pollution.
 Industries in and around Taj Mahal
produce sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
dioxide.

 Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide react
with the water vapour present in the
atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric
acid.
 The acid drops down with rain making it
Acid Rain.
 This Acid Rain corrodes the marble and is
calles Marble Cancer.

TAJ MAHAL BEFORE AND AFTER
ACID RAIN

 The Supreme Court has ordered the
industries to switch to cleaner fules like CNG
and LPG.
 The automobiles should switch to
unleaded petrol.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
 The Sun's rays warm the Earth's surface.
 A part of the radiation gets absobed.
 A part of raidation is reflected.
 A part of the reflected radiation is traped
in the atmosphere.
 The traped radiation further warms the
Earth.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
 In the green house the Sun's heat is
allowed to come in but not allowed to go out.
 The traped heat warms the green house.
 The trapping of heat in the Earth's
atmosphere is similar to the green house
and it is called Green House Effect.
 Without Green House Effect life would
have not been possible on Earth.

GLOBAL WARMING
 CO2 is a component of air.
 Living organisms inhal oxygen and exhal
carbon dioxide.
 Plants use this carbon dioxde and
produce food in the process of
photosynthesis.
 Carbon dioxide is also a pollutant.
Increase in pollution and deforestation has
resulted in imbalance of the carbndioxide in
the atmosphere.

GLOBAL WARMING
 Carbon dioxide traps heat and does not
allow it to escape it into hte space.
 As a result the avarage temperature of the
Earth is gradually increasing this is called
Golbal Warming.
 Other gases like methane, nitrous oxide
and water vapour alo contribute towards this
effect like carbon dioxide. The are also
called Greenhouse gases.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING Global Warming can cause sea levels to
rise dramatically.
 Global Warming could result in wide
ranging effects of rainfall pattern,
agriculture, forests plants and animals.
 The glacier in Himalayas are melting
because of Global Warming. The Arctic and
Antarctic ice is also melting because of the
Global Warming.
 We may be heading for an Ice Age.

OUR CONTRIBUTION
 Changing over to cleaner fules like CNG and
LPG.
 Use of unleaded petrol in automobiles.
 Saying no to crackers.
 Stop burning of dry leaves and wastes.
 Swithching over to alternative fules like solar
energy, hydropower and wind energy.
 Planting of trees.

WATER POLLUTION
 Harmful substances such as:-
 Sewage
 Toxic chemicals
 Silt
 Get mixed with water, it becomes polluted.
 Substances that pollute water are called
Water Pollutanats.

WATER POLLUTION - CASE
STUDY
 Ganga supports life in the Northern,
Central and Eastern area of India.
 Over the years large quantities of
garbage, untreated sewage, dead bodies and
many other harmful things are directly
thrown into the river.
 It is now one of the ten most endangered
rivers in the world.

WATER POLLUTION - CASE
STUDY
 At some places it has become dead due to
pollution and no aquatic life can survive
there.
 Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985
to reduc the pollution in the river.
 Increase in population and
industrialisation have already damaged the
river beyond repairs.

WATER POLLUTION - KANPUR
 Kanpur i one of the most populated towns in Uttar Pradesh.
 People use Ganga for bathing, washing clothes and
defficating in the river.
 They dispose garbage, flowers, idols of Gods and Godesses
and non-biodegradable polythene in the river.
 It has 5,000 industries of fertilisers, detergents, leather and
paint.
 These industries discherge thier waste directly into he river.

WATER POLLUTION
 Many industried discherge harmful
chemiclas into the rivers, these include:-
 Oil refineries
 Paper factory
 Textile
 Sugar Mills
 Chemical factories
 There industries cause chemical
contamination of water.
 The chemicals include arsenic, lead, and
fluorides.

WATER POLLUTION
 Industries don't follow the regulation of terating their
wastes before disposing in water.
 The soil is affected by impure water causing change in
acidity and growth of worms.
 Pesticides and weedisides get washed into
waterbodies from the fields and pollute the ground water.
 Some ponds appear green beacuse of alge growing in
them. This is caused by excessive chemicals that act as
neutrients for alge.

WATER POLLUTION
 Once the alge die the become food for
decomposers like bacteria.
 A lot of oxygen gets used up.
 Lack of oxygen kills aquatic animals.

WATER POLLUTION
 Untreated sewer contains food waste, detergents,
micororganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and
parasites.
 These micororganisms cause diseases like
cholera, typhoid and jaundice.
 Hot water is also a pollutant is raises the
temperature of water body adverly affecting animals
and plants living in it.

POTABLE WATER
 Water which is suitable for dirnking is
called Potable Water.
 Water can be made Potable by various
processes such as boiling, filtiration,
chlorination and other treatment.

PREVENTION OF WATER
POLLUTION
 Preventing disposal of polluted water into
the river.
 Installation of water treatment plants in all
industrial areas.
 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

Pollution

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