In qualitative research different types of data are collected. Data are of four types. data are collected through interviews, observations, documents & audio visual material.

1. Types of data in qualitative research

2. Types of data in qualitative research
Types of
Data
Observation
Interviews/
Questionnaire
Audio-visual
material
Documents

3. Gather field notes by
•Conducting an observation as a participant.
•Conducting an observation as an observer.
•Spending more time as a participant than
observer.
Observations

4. Gather field notes by
•Spending more time as an observer than a
participant.
•First observation as an “outsider”, then
participating in the setting and observing as
an “insider”.
Observations

5. •Conduct an unstructured, open ended
interview and take interview notes.
•Conduct an unstructured, open ended
interview and audiotape the interview
and transcribe it.
•Conduct a semi structured interview,
audiotape the interview and transcribe
them.
Interviews Or questionnaire

6. •Conduct focus group interviews and
transcribe them.
•Collect open ended responses to an
electronic interview or questionnaire.
•Gather open ended responses on a
questionnaire.
Interviews Or questionnaire

7. •Keep a journal during the research study.
•Have a participant keep a journal or diary.
•Collect personal letters from participants.
•Analyze public document (official memos,
minutes of meetings, records or archival
material)
•Analyze school documents (e.g.
attendance reports,retention rates,
dropout rates or discipline referrals).
Documents

8. •Examine autobiographies and
biographies.
•Collect and draw maps and seating
charts.
•Examine portfolios or less formal
examples of students’ work.
•COLLECT EMAILS OR ELECTRONIC DATA.
Documents

9. •Examine physical trace evidence.
•Videotape a social situation of an individual
or group.
•Examine photographs or videotapes.
•Collect sounds.
•Examine possessions or ritual objects. Have
participants take photos or videotapes.
Audio- Visual materials—

10. Form of qualitative data collection
Sr.No. Form of Data
Collection
Type of Data Definition of type of Data
1 Observations Field notes & drawings Unstructured text data and pictures taken
during observations.
2 Interviews and
questionnaire
Transcriptions of open-
ended interviews or
open ended
questionnaire
Unstructured text data obtained from
transcribing audiotapes of interviews or by
transcribing open ended questions.
3 Documents Hand recorded notes
about documents or
optically scanned
documents
Public(e.g. notes from meetings) and
private (e.g. journals) records available to
the researcher.
4 Audiovisual
material
Pictures, photographs,
videotapes, objects,
sounds
Audiovisual materials consisting of images
or sounds of people or place recorded by
the researcher or someone else.

11. 1. Identify the participants & sites.
2. Take permissions.
3. Decide on types of data
4. Develop means for recording the
information-procedure for recording the
data—use self designed protocols
5. Administer the data collection procedure
considering the field issues.
Five process steps of data collection

12. Thank You