To the 5th Generation? The Future of Mobile Communications

1. Nigel Jefferies
Huawei Technologies
WWRF Chair
29th November 2011, Edinburgh
To the 5th
Generation? – the
future of mobile
communications

2. Main topics
• Huawei
• The Wireless World Research Forum
• ICT development
• The WWRF Vision
• Why 5G?
• Research Directions
• Conclusion

3. Huawei - Sustainable Growth
 Leading global ICT solutions
provider
 Serving 1/3 of the world’s
population
 Serving 45 of the world's top 50
telecom operators with ~65% of
our sales from these operators
 Main contributor of industry
standards
 70% of revenue from outside
China
Revenue (CNY in billion)
 Huawei Technologies releases an annual report with consolidated financial statements audited by KPMG
 Chinese Yuan is the company’s functional currency (around 10 to the £)
2006 2007 2008 2009
(CNY66.4 bln)
(CNY93.8 bln)
(CNY125.2 bln)
(CNY149.1bln)
(CNY185 bln)
28
21.8
18.3
12.8
8.5
2010
Page 3
Continuously creating long-term value for customers
24%
2011
(Target)
(CNY199 bln)
31
(CNY98.3 bln)
H1 15.2

4. Huawei’s position in the All-IP
convergence era
The only telecom supplier ranking in
the top 3 for all these areas;
Comprehensive strengths in the All-IP
based FMC era
No. 3
No. 1No. 2
Page 4
• Source Infonetics: GPON, Switch ; OVUM: Optical, Router, Skylight: Microwave; Dell’oro: RAN, Packet Switch;
Gartner: Software
• FMC: Fixed Mobile Convergence
• SP: Service Provider
* Excluding NA
IP
Mobile Fixed
All-IP based
FMC
Mobile
Ranking RAN Packet Switch (PS) Microwave
No.1 Ericsson Huawei Ericsson
No.2 Huawei Ericsson Huawei
No. 3 NSN NSN NEC
Fixed IP
Ranking GPON Optical
No.1 Huawei Huawei
No.2 ALU ALU
Ranking SP IP Router *
SP Ethernet
Switch
No.1 Cisco Cisco
No.2 Huawei Huawei
Ranking Service Delivery Platform (SDP) Customer Billing Management
No.1 Huawei Amdocs
No.2 Accenture Accenture
No.3 Ericsson Huawei
Software

5. Huawei’s growing influence in the
wireless market
Page 5
2008 2010
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Others, 20.0%
Alcatel Lucent,
16.7%
Nokia Siemens,
21.7%
Huawei, 10.9%
Ericsson, 30.7%
Others, 11.0%
Alcatel Lucent,
15.6%
Nokia Siemens,
19.1%
Huawei, 20.8%
Ericsson, 33.5%
ERICSSON
33.5%
HUAWEI
20.8%
NOKIA
SIEMENS
19.1%
ALCATEL-
LUCENT
15.6%
OTHERS
11.0%
Wireless Market Share in 2010

6. 20 Huawei R&D centres
worldwide
Munich
San Diego
Santa Clara
Dallas
Boston
Paris
Moscow
HeadquartersMilan
Sweden
Shenzhen
Beijing
ShanghaiChengdu
Xi An
Nanjing
Bangalore
Hangzhou
Wuhan
Turkey
New Jersey
Chicago
Fundamental
Algorithms
Next Generation Internet,
Chips, and Software
FMC, Fixed
Network
Microwave
Wireless &
Network
Wireless &
Device
San Diego,
USA
Dallas
Texas, USA
Moscow,
Russia
Bangalore,
India
Munich,
Germany
Stockholm/
Goteborg, Sweden
Paris,
France
Milan,
Italy

7. WWRF Role
• Develop future vision of the wireless world
• Inform and educate on trends and developments
• Enable and facilitate the translation of the vision
into reality
• Bring a wide range of parties together to identify
and overcome significant roadblocks to the vision
Page 7

8. Principles of Operation
• Global
• Open to all
• Not
• standards body
• research funding body
• A typical research conference
• Based on membership
• All can attend meetings and
make contributions
Page 8

9. Current Sponsor Members
Page 9

10. Working Groups
WG1: Human Perspective and future service concepts
WG2: Services and Service Architectures
WG3: Communication Architectures
WG4: New Air Interfaces, Relay-based Systems and Smart Antennas
WG5: Short Range Radio Communication Systems
WG6: Cognitive Networks and Systems for a Wireless Future Internet
WG7: Security and Trust
WG8: Spectrum Issues
WG ad hoc: Wireless for Emerging Economics
Page 10

11. WWRF outputs
• WWRF Outlook – published version of White Paper
• WWRF Library – proceedings of each meeting
• WWRF – Wiley Book series (5 published, 3 in prep.)
• WWRF – IEEE Journal Series

12. Publications

13. ICT development in the past
20 years
Digital
From
1.2 billion computers and 1.5 billion telephone users
To
2 billion internet users and 5 billion mobile users
 Ubiquitous communications
 Digital flood

14. Beyond: new telecom
services in the next 10 years
From voice to data
5.5 billion MBB users, 1.5 billion FBB
users
From pipe to content
all media will be on-line , 750
million connected TV users
From people to machines
50 billion connections (the Internet of
Things)
From CT to ICT
70% of companies (especially SMEs)
will be using Cloud-based services
By 2020
Connected Digitalized
Digital Society
ICT
Enabled

15. The Cloud: the next IT
revolution
Mainframes PC Cloud
Server Network Storage Security Power & cooling
Cloud-Oriented Hardware
Cloud Operation system
OS & Virtualization
Distributed File system
Distributed Database Parallel Compute Automatic
management
Dynamic Resource
dispatcher
Virtual Desktop
Virtual Data Center
IPTV
App store
……
OSS/BS
S
in Cloud
Cloud
Datacente
r Solution
(Cloud
Platform)
OSS/BS
S
for
Cloud
Telecom
App.
Cloud
Solution
(Cloud
Services)
Cloud
Operation
Solution
disruptive
technologies
Enterprise
App.
Cloud
OA/ERP/CR
M
E-health
E-traffic
E-
government
……
Cloud Application Platform
Development Executive Deployment
Distributed Web Framework
Telecom
Service
Cloud

16. WWRF Vision in a nutshell
7 trillion wireless devices
serving 7 billion people
by 2020
• All people will be served with wireless devices
• Affordable to purchase and operate
• Calm computing: technology invisible to users
• Machine to machine communications
• Sensors and tags: e.g. in transport and weather
systems, infrastructure, to provide ambient
intelligence and context sensitivity
• All devices are part of the (mobile) internet

17. WWRF Vision in a nutshell
• Wireless device(s) becomes our interface to the
digital world
• An ambient life style where
• ... our mobile device becomes the key enabler to interact with
smart environments and users
• … our mobile guides and supports us against “digital threats”
• Has to be charged once a month only – green
technology
• Untethered and connected user experience
• Ubiquituous service delivery with a consistent user
experience

18. An ambient life style... seven trillion wireless
devices running services, that are
 Easy to create 
- Creation tools and publishing
- Service taxonomies
- Reuse existing services and components
- Semantic orchestration of components
and loosely coupled approach
 Easy to share  
- Generalised client-server / P-2-P architecture
- « My server in my pocket »
« My server at home»
- Service deployment in just a few clicks
- Semantic based publishing
 Easy to use 
- Semantic Service discovery
- Fine grain semantic-based search
- Interoperability, composability of services
Source: EU-ITEA Project S4All, 2003
Services & Service
Architectures

19. Vision: X increase
5G
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
1G
2G
3G
4G
Mbps
kbps
bps
Gbps
AMPS
?
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
1G
2G
3G
4G
Mbps
kbps
bps
Gbps
AMPS
? Cell size shrinks
Cell count increases
1
4
16
50
X Times Faster Wireless Connectivity is Required for 2020

20. Radio Access – Revolution
or Evolution
1. Classical 5G Revolution
– New generations replace older
generations
2. Complementary 5G (R)evolution
– 5G will complement 4G for specific
scenarios
3. Long-term 4G Evolution
– No new 5G air interface justified due to
insufficient
performance gain with new technologies

21. Do we need a new 5G air
interface?
New 5G air interface is justified if:
1. New air interface technologies with significant performance improvement can be
developed.
– Classically, this would be a change in the radio access scheme.
– A new access scheme has to show high improvements to justify the revolutionary step.
A 5G with high performance improvements would in the long term replace 4G.
. New deployment scenarios and services emerge, which cannot be
implemented with today‘s radio access schemes.
– New scenarios like machine-to-machine and car-to-car communications might require a redesign of the radio
frame structure and signalling to an extent, that it is more efficient to define a new air interface from scratch.
A 5G revolution motivated by new deployment scenari os and s ervi ces wou l d
complement 4G.

22. Data traffic growth factors
• Increase in mobile broadband subscribers
• More advanced devices like tablets and smart phones
• New attractive services
Prediction of data traffic growth for 2020 (relative to 2010)
• In the last year, traffic doubled in some networks
Total traffic growth could be 500–1000 times

23. Throughput in 2020 and
beyond
Throughput requirements
• Fairness: High throughput should be available over the whole coverage
area
• Latency: The user experience should be as good as in wired networks or
better
• Flexibility: Services with different QoS/throughput requirements have to be
supported
• Robustness: Maintain connectivity with minimum required throughput in
emergency scenarios like natural disasters
Target throughput for 2020 (relative to 2010)
Increase in
– peak,
– average and
– cell edge
throughput by a least a factor of 10

24. Energy consumption in
2020 and beyond
Green Radio
• Increase in RAN energy efficiency
– sustainable network operation
– reduced OPEX
Remark
• The power consumption of base stations does not
increase linearly with the supported peak data rates

25. Research directions
• New technologies with increased spectral
efficiency
• Heterogeneous network deployment with
efficient integration of smaller cells
• Traffic offloading
• New spectrum
• More flexible and efficient spectrum utilization

26. Other Future Research
• Interference Management
Self-clustering of cells for autonomous establishment of hierarchy, depending on
infrastructure
Usage of hybrids of centralized/decentralized interference management within clusters
with the additional option of fast, localized responses to bursty traffic
Interference management techniques in the context of direct D2D
• Mobility and Session Management
Strongly simplified signalling for neighbourhood discovery and handover
Novel session management and modified protocol stacks for service-aware radio access,
particularly in the context of M2M
Novel cell concepts such as “virtual cells”, or alternative connectivity concepts where a
device has uplink/downlink or data/control links to different cells, respectively
Handover from device-infrastructure-device to direct D2D and vice versa
• Network Infrastructure
Self-organizing infrastructure connectivity with a varying degree of aggregation
Network functionality to autonomously establish sub-networks
Application processing capability distributed through the network

27. 4G and 5G technologies

28. Promising technologies
Coordination and multisite MIMO
Cognition
S
R
R
R
R
D
virtual
relays
downlink uplink
Cooperation and
relaying
Cell A
Cell B
Link A
Link B
Self-organisation

29. Radio link technologies
• Investigate promising radio-link technologies (transmission waveform,
multiple access, etc.) and scenarios to increase the spectral
efficiency by more than factor of 2 in total
• New transmission schemes and multiple access schemes, e.g.
– Non-orthogonal signal waveform with faster-than-Nyquist
signaling, etc.
– Non-orthogonal multiple access assuming interference
cancelation
– Physical channel design such as reference signals and control
channels
Radio Link Technologies
TDMA (2G) DS-CDMA (3G) OFDM(A) (4G) ?? (5G)

30. New Air Interfaces,
Relay-based systems and
Smart antennas
• flexible, scalable and energy efficient air interface
design, maximization of both peak and cell edge data
rates and user capacity and guarantee ubiquitous
coverage in high mobility scenarios
• Enabling Technologies:
• smart antenna, MIMO and Relaying
• Intercell coordination and interference management
• System concept challenges: Cellular scenario, Open
Broadband Access, Meshed topologies

31. Device-to-device communications
and mesh networks
Elaborate the potential use cases (business models) of
Device-to-Device (D2D) communications/mesh networking
in cellular systems and identify promising architectures to
realize them.
D2D and mesh networks can be used to support maintaining
connectivity in emergency scenarios like natural
disasters
• Investigate radio interface for efficient support of D2D
communication and mesh networking e.g.,
– PHY and MAC layer transmission schemes
– measurement and synchronization
– interference management and radio resource management

32. Small Cells and Dense Heterogeneous
Deployments

33. System Capacity
– Deployments with smaller cells can more efficiently adapt to propagation and
scenarios and traffic needs
– Interference management and advanced receivers become more important in
dense small-cell deployments
Cost
– Especially in dense small-cell deployments not only the cost per base station but
also the cost for the network connection has to be considered
Energy Efficiency
– Low load situations allow for temporarily switching off more efficiently in
small-cell deployments
– Heterogeneous deployments with mixture of large and small cells are efficient
from an energy efficiency point of view

34. System concept challenges
Open
Access
Propagation constraints and lack of
coordination creates challenging
coverage and interference scenarios
Rural/remote area
Mesh
Networks
Flexible deployment at the expense of
coverage vs throughput vs delay tradeoff
Wide Area
Local Area
‘Cellular’ scenario
Single Link vs Single Cell vs Multicell
optimization for peak / average / cell edge rate
improvements [source: IST-WINNER]

35. Wireless World Research
Forum
35
Autonomic/Cognitive Management
Architectures for FI
• Functional architectures, mapping to physical
architectures of various standardization bodies (e.g.
3GPP, etc.), systems architectures for
autonomic/cognitive management systems in the Future
Internet
• Technologies, mechanisms, platforms for the dynamic
deployment/embodiment of autonomic/cognitive
management functionality in network infrastructures
Internet
GW
Management
entity
core contentaccess
Autonomic network
elements (ANE)
Wi-Fi
LTE
Opportunistic
networks
Application
server
Autonomic network
elements (ANE)

36. 2020 Spectrum/Regulation
Vision
• Efficient sensing techniques and Sufficient Spectrum are
the basic requirements for:
• broadband to every single user at “any” place
• new applications such as: Sensor networks and M2M
• very high speed broadband via short range wireless
• Spectrum availability under regulatory terms and financial
conditions allowing for:
• Innovative, appealing services for the end-customers
• A healthy competition so that the overall Wireless Eco
System will further flourish
• Thus Wireless will continue to be an important driver for our
future information society

37. New Challenges due to
• New technologies –
UWB, 4G, Wireless
Sensor Networks, CR
• Band-sharing
• SUR (spectrum usage
rights)
• CR (cognitive radio)
regulatory framework
• TV white spaces
• Green radio

38. Thanks to
• WWRF Visions Committee
• Company Visions
• Huawei
• Intel
• Cisco
• NSN
• DoCoMo

39. WWRF Meetings in 2012
Check the WWRF web site for the latest information
www.wireless-world-research.org
WWRF28 Athens, Greece 23-25 April
Hosted by University of Piraeus
WWRF29 Berlin, Germany 23-25 October
Hosted by NSN