The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
3. Rights are those conditions of life without which the all round
development of an individual like personality, mental stability
and etc. can’t be achieved .
Rights and Duties are closely related to each other .
In the absence of any one , the other becomes meaningless.
4. The roots are the ‘preamble’ and the trunk is the
‘fundamental rights & directive principles’.
Understanding the Fundamental Rights (FRs) and specific
Articles.
Violation of Fundamental Rights can be challenged in
Court
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
5. The roots are the ‘preamble’ and the trunk is the
‘fundamental rights & directive principles’.
Understanding the Fundamental Rights (FRs) and specific
Articles.
Violation of Fundamental Rights can be challenged in
Court
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
6. It is embodied in Articles 14–18
Which collectively encompass the general
principles of equality before law and non-
discrimination.
Right to Equality
7. Right to Equality
as well as equal protection of the law to all
persons within the territory of India
Article – 14 :
8. on the
grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place
of birth, or any of them.
Article - 15
Right to Equality
9. Guarantees in matters
of public employment and prevents the State from
discriminating against anyone in matters of employment
on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent,
place of birth, place of residence or any of them.
Right to Equality
Article - 16
10. The practice of has been
declared an offence punishable by law under Article
17, and the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 has
been enacted by the Parliament to further this
objective.
Right to Equality
Article – 17
11. Prohibits the State from conferring any
titles other than military or academic
distinctions, and the citizens of India
cannot accept titles from a foreign state.
Right to Equality
Article -18
12. Right to Freedom
Covered in Articles 19 to article 22
Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right. It also
underpins most other rights and allows them to flourish. The right to
speak your mind freely on important issues in society, access
information and hold the powers that be to account, plays a vital role
in the healthy development process of any society.
13. Right to Freedom
Guarantees six freedoms in the nature of civil rights, which are
available only to citizens of India. These include the
throughout the territory of our country, freedom to
reside and settle in any part of the country of India and the
freedom to practice any profession.
Article - 19
14. Article 20 provides protection from
conviction for offences in certain respects,
including the rights against
and freedom
from .
Article - 20
Right to Freedom
15. It provides specific rights to arrested and detained persons, in
particular the rights to be informed of the grounds of arrest, consult
a lawyer of one's own choice, be produced before a magistrate
within 24 hours of the arrest, and the freedom not to be detained
beyond that period without an order of the magistrate.
Article - 22
Right to Freedom
16. Right against Exploitation
Articles 23–24, lays down certain provisions to prevent
exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by
individuals or the State
17. Right against Exploitation
Prohibits human trafficking, making it an offence
punishable by law, and also prohibits forced
labour or any act of compelling a person to work
without wages where he was legally entitled not to
work or to receive remuneration for it.
Article - 23
18. Prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in
factories, mines and other hazardous jobs. Parliament has enacted
the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.
Right against Exploitation
Article - 24
19. Right to Freedom of Religion
The Right to Freedom of Religion, covered in Articles 25–
28, provides religious freedom to all citizens and ensures
a secular state in India.
20. Right to Freedom of Religion
Guarantees all persons the and
the right to preach, practice and propagate any religion of
their choice. This right is, however, subject to public order,
morality and health, and the power of the State to take
measures for social welfare and reform.
Article - 25
21. Guarantees all and sects, subject
to public order, morality and health, to manage their own
affairs in matters of religion, set up institutions of their own
for charitable or religious purposes, and own, acquire and
manage a property in accordance with law.
Article - 26
Right to Freedom of Religion
22. Guarantees that no person can be compelled to pay
taxes for the promotion of any particular religion or
religious institution.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Article - 27
23. Prohibits in a wholly State-
funded educational institution, and educational
institutions receiving aid from the State cannot compel
any of their members to receive religious instruction or
attend religious worship without their (or their
guardian's) consent
Right to Freedom of Religion
Article - 28
24. The Cultural and Educational rights, given in
, are measures to protect the rights of cultural,
linguistic and religious minorities, by enabling them to
conserve their heritage and protecting them against
discrimination
Cultural and Educational Rights
25. Grants any section of citizens having a distinct language,
script culture of its own, the right to conserve and develop
the same, and thus safeguards the rights of minorities by
preventing the State from imposing any external culture on
them.
Article - 29
Cultural and Educational Rights
26. Confers upon all religious and linguistic minorities the right
to set up and administer educational institutions of their
choice in order to preserve and develop their own culture,
and prohibits the State, while granting aid, from
discriminating against any institution on the basis of the fact
that it is administered by a religious or cultural minority.
Article - 30
Cultural and Educational Rights
27. Right to Constitutional Remedies
Provides a guaranteed remedy, in the form of a
Fundamental Right itself, for enforcement of all the other
Fundamental Rights, and the Supreme Court is designated
as the protector of these rights by the Constitution.
Article - 32
31. CONCLUSION
Fundamental Rights , project citizen against the arbitrary and absolute exercise
of power by the state. The constitution has said about these fundamental rights
that their object is two – fold. The first objective is that every citizen must be in
a position to claim those rights and Secondly, these rights must be binding upon
every authority that has got the power to make laws. In India We have the rule
of law, To enforce this rule of law we have a judicial system that consist of the
mechanism of courts that a citizen can approach when a law is violated. The
judiciary plays a crucial role in the functioning of India's democracy . A problem
that affects the common person’s access to justice is the inordinately long
number of years that courts take to hear a case. The phrase ‘ Justice delayed is
justice denied’ is often used to characterize this extended time period that
courts take. In spite of this there is no denying that the judiciary has played a
crucial role in democratic India, serving as a check on the powers of the
execution and the legislature as well as in protecting the fundamental rights of
citizen.
32. REFERENCES
Fundamental Rights :
in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United
States.
Fundamental Rights :
in The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History.
