Questions selected from Letts revision guide, printed double side to A4, given to kids, They do each week for Hwk Answers on ppt. All questions on final slide on notes should you wish to cut + paste, I will add wordfile

1. Revision Questions 2008 MO OCR ‘A’

3. 9 How can volcanoes affect the world's climate? ASH EJECTED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE 10 What is an 'epicentre'? POINT ABOVE FOCUS 11 What is 'liquefaction'? FOUNDATIONS BEHAE LIKE A LIQUID 12 What instrument is used to record earthquakes? SEISMOGRAPH 13 What does the Mercalli scale measure? THE EFFECTS ON PEOPLE 14 Why do poorer countries suffer more damage in an earthquake? NO P, P, P 15 Why are volcanic areas good for farming? FMETC

4. Which is which?

5. B. 1 What is the hydrological cycle? EVAPORATION CONDENSATION PRECIPITATION RUN-OFF 2 What causes 'interception'? TREES PLANTS + BUILDINGS 3 When will surface run-off occur? WHEN THE GROUND IS SATURATED 4 What is percolation? MOVING THROUGH SOIL SPACES 5 What is a drainage basin? AREA DRAINED BY A RIVER 6 What divides two drainage basins? WATERSHED 7 Name the four processes of erosion. CORRASION CORROSION ATTRITION h ACTION

6. 8 When does a river deposit material? SLOWS DOWN 9 What processes create a flood plain? HIGH DISCHARGE OVERFLOWING BANK TOP 10 What is a delta? GROWTH OUT TO SEA 11 What does a hydrograph show? RAINFALL v DISCHARGE 12 What conditions will result in a short lag time? SATURATED THUNDERSTORM SHORT BASIN 13 How does urbanisation increase flooding? IMPERMEABLE CONCRETE + GUTTERS 14 How can zoning reduce the impact of flooding? PLAN REMOVABLE ACTIVITIES

7. C. 1 What causes waves? WIND 2 When will a wave break? BOTTOM IS SHALLOW 3 Which factor is the most important in controlling wave energy? FETCH 4 What types of rock are eroded by corrosion? LIMESTONE 5 How are stones, shingle and sand moved along a beach? LONGSHORE DRIFT 6 Where do bays form? BETWEEN HEADLANDS 7 What feature is formed when an arch collapses? STACK 8 What is a wave-cut platform? DIAGONAL SLOPE AT BASE OF CLIFF

8. 9 Which type of rock would have steeper cliffs, granite or clay? GRANITE 10 Where do spits form? ON CORNERS 11 What feature is formed in the sheltered area behind a spit? SALT MARSH 12 Why does an ice age cause sea levels to fall? SEA WATER IS FROZEN AS ICE 13 What is the difference between a revetment and a sea wall? SLOPING v RECURVED 14 What is a ‘gabion’? BASKET FILLED WITH ROCKS 15 Why might coastal defences in one area increase erosion elsewhere? TRANSFERENCE

9. D. Settlement and urbanisation 1 What is the difference between 'site' and 'situation"? SOIL ROCK SLOPE v SURROUNDINGS 2 What is meant by 'function'? MAIN ROLE OR JOB OF A SETTLEMENT 3 What type of settlement is at the top of a settlement hierarchy? PRIMARY OR CONURBATION 4 What is meant by 'range'? HOW FAR PEOPLE WILL TRAVEL TO BUY A GOOD 5 What are 'comparison goods'? HOUSES, CARS + ELECTRICAL [WHITE] 6 Which will have a larger threshold - a newsagents or a supermarket? SUPERMARKET 7 What caused urbanisation in MEDCs? IN MIGRATION 8 What is urban decay? DECLINE IN THE FABRIC – BUILDINGS + SERVICES

10. 9 What is 'counter-urbanisation'? MOVEMENT BACK INTO COUNTRYSIDE 10 Why were 'green belts' and 'new towns' created? TO STOP URBAN SPRAWL 11 Why do people living in squatter settlements have poor access to services? THEY ARE ILLEGAL, WILL ENCOURAGE MORE PEOPLE IF THEY HAVE 12 Why is disease common in squatter settlements? DIHORREA CHOLERA – unclean, poor quality water 13 What changes to villages is rapid out migration causing? DECLINE IN SERVICES, OLD AGE 14 Which American geographers devised models of city layouts? BURGESS HOYT HARRIS + ULMANN 15. What characteristics typify the suburbs? DETACHED HOUSE, DRIVES, GARDENS, OPEN SPACE

11. E. Population and migration 1 What does population distribution mean'? WHERE PEOPLE LIVE 2 Why is a choropleth map of population density inaccurate'? HIDES INCONSISTENCIES WITHIN AREAS 3 What is exponential population growth'? DOUBLING 4 Why are birth and death rates expressed as rates per 1000'? OFTEN NUMBER POINT NUMBER 5 Why are MEDCs described as 'entering a fifth stage’? BR IS BELOW DR 6 Why are MEDCs able to support higher populations'? MORE DISPOSABLE INCOME TO INVEST IN SERVICES 7 How can improving the status of women reduce birth rates'? EMANCIPATION, EDUCATION, CHOICE 8 What is a population structure? MALE v FEMALE, OLD v YOUNG v ECONOMIC

12. 9 Explain the unusual shape of a pyramid in a mining area? MORES MALES 15 TO 30 10 Who are the 'economically active' in a population? 15 TO 60/65 YR OLDS 11 What is rural-urban migration'? COUNTRY TO CITY PERMANENT 12 What is urbanisation? GRADUAL SHIFT TO CITY LIVING [% PEOPLE] 13 What are the disadvantages of counter-urbanisation for the inner city? DOUGHNUT EFFECT 14 Why do migrants sometimes experience racism? DIFFERENT CULTURE, LANGUAGE, RELIGION – TAKE JOBS 15 What is a refugee? IMMIGRANT SEEKING PROTECTION

13. F. Quality of life 1 What is economic development? IMPROVEMENT OF A REGION – PURCHASING PARITY 2 What is meant by 'development indicator'? A MEASUREMENT OF HOW MODERNISED A PLACE IS 3 Why is GNP measured in dollars? COMPARISON EASY + STBLE ECONOMY 4 What is meant by 'infant mortality rate'? AMOUNT OF BABIES DYING IN FIRST YEAR 5 Why is 'income' not a good indicator of development? PPP – COST OF LIVING 6 How does poor access to clean water limit development? DISEASE 7 In which sector do most people in an LEDC work? PRIMARY 8. What is quaternary industry? IINDUSTRY INVOLVING INFORMATION

14. Industry 1 Why is energy no longer such an important location factor? IMPORT ENERGY + ELECTRICITY [COAL] 2 What is 'industrial inertia'? STAYS IN WRONG PLACE BECAUSE TOO EXPENSIVE TO MOVE 3 What is the most important location factor for heavy industry? MATERIALS 4 Why is hi-tech industry described as footloose? ELECTRICITY POWER + COIMPONENTS + Q of L 5. What is the best site for most distribution industries? CENTRAL, COMMUNICATIONS, VARIETY

15. G. Leisure and Tourism 1 What is a National Park? Area protected by the government 2 How many National Parks are there in England and Wales? 12 [another March 2009] 3 How has tourism benefited National Parks? Employment in poorly favourable farming areas 4 What is a 'honey-pot'? Attraction pulling in hundreds of visitors 5 How can the pressure on 'honey-pots' be reduced? Park + Ride, Pedestrianisation, Zoning, Green transport 6 How have governments of LEDCs encouraged tourism? Eco tourism = Costa Rica, Baobab Farm 7 What is meant by 'sustainable-tourism'? Small scale, resource friendly, local = renewable

16. Agriculture 1 What is the difference between 'subsistence‘ and 'commercial' farming? Farming for your family, agriculture making profit 2 What is the CAP? COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY 3 What is a 'quota'? How much [milk] you can produce 4 Why have hedgerows been removed from fields? Larger field cheaper to cut with machinery 5 What is farm 'diversification'? Other interests – café, B+B, Trotters, 6 What is the 'green revolution'? High yielding varieties in LEDCs – Rice IR8 7 What is irrigation? Canal to carry water to an arid areas

18. H. Energy 1 What is the difference between energy and fuel? Energy is power, Fuel is dug out of the ground 2 What is a fossil fuel? COAL, OIL, GAS non-renewable = Finite 3 What is secondary energy? Fuel converted to a different form = electricity 4 What is coal formed from? Fossilised trees and plants 5 What are its advantages? Easy to use, burns well, cheap, large reserves 6 Why have many UK coal mines closed down? Cheaper from abroad 7 What are oil and gas formed from? Fossilised sea creatures 8 As well as fuel, what else is oil used for? Plastics

19. 9 Why might we have to 'pay later' for nuclear power? Decommissioning costs, Waste disposal 10 Where is fuel wood a very important energy source? LEDCs 11 What is meant by the term 'renewable energy'? Used sustain ably 12 Reservoirs flood large areas of land. Why does this matter? Destroys 13 Why might people not like to live near a wind farm? habitats, farmland, homes Noise, unsightly, interrupt TV, birds 14 What type of solar panels are used to make electricity? Photo voltaic 15 What does 'energy conservation' mean? Reducing energy useage

20. I. Global environmental concerns 1 How is ozone beneficial to life on earth? 2 What chemicals damage ozone? 3 What can be done to reduce ozone layer damage? 4 What is global warming? 5 What is the greenhouse effect? 6 What type of radiation is reflected from the Earth's surface? 7 What are the most important greenhouse gases? 8 Why does deforestation make global warming worse?

21. 9 What is Agenda 21? 10 How might a reduction in population growth slow global warming? 11 What is the difference between acid rain and dry deposition? 12 Which two gases are most responsible for acid deposition? 13 How does acid rain affect trees? 14 How does acid deposition affect buildings? 15 Why does acid rain lead to disagreements between countries?

22. Produced by the Aberrant Bee April 2008 QUESTIONS FROM LETTS