Power Point.ppt

1. Presentation On
BRANCHES
OF
CHEMISTRY

2. Definition Of chemistry
• Chemistry is the study of the substances, specially their
structure, properties, transformations and the energy changes
accompanying these transformation.
Or, the branch of science that deals with the identification of
the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation
of their properties and the ways in which they interact,
combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form
new substances.

3. Some Uses of Chemistry
• Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we
observe in the world around we see that caused by chemical
reactions. Chemistry is very important because it helps us to
know the composition, structure& changes of matter. All the
matters are made up of chemistry. In our every day like
various chemical are being used in various form, some of
those are being used as food, some of those used clanging etc.

4. Some Uses of Chemistry
 Industries and Transport
 Food Security and Agriculture
 Science and Technology
 Cooking
 Cleaning
 Medicine
 Environmental Issues
 Polymers
 Building Materials , etc.

5. Branches of Chemistry
• There are five main branches of chemistry:
Organic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Biochemistry

6. Organic Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds that contain the
elements carbon and hydrogen.
Or, Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure,
properties, and preparation of chemical compounds that consist
primarily of carbon and hydrogen. Examples: Petroleum,
almost all medicine, food

7. ORGANIC
Known as carbon
chemistry
Food chemistry
Fossil Fuels
Organic Chemistry

8. Organic Chemistry
• Organic chemistry overlaps with many areas including-
Medicinal chemistry —the design, development, and
synthesis of medicinal drugs. It overlaps with
pharmacology (the study of drug action).
Organometallic chemistry — the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Polymer chemistry — the study of the chemistry of
polymers.

9. Organic Chemistry
 Physical organic chemistry — the study of the
interrelationships between structure and reactivity in
organic molecules.
 Stereochemistry — the study of the spatial
arrangements of atoms in molecules and their effects
on the chemical and physical properties of
substances.

10. Inorganic chemistry
• The study of compounds that are made of only one or no
carbon elements. It covers all chemical compounds except
organic compounds.
• Inorganic chemistry study things such as crystal structures,
minerals, metals, catalysts, and most elements in the Periodic
Table.

11. INORGANIC
Involves all elements
Metals/Materials
chemistry
Chemical Reactions
Inorganic chemistry

12. Inorganic chemistry
• Branches of inorganic chemistry include:
Bioinorganic chemistry — the study of the interaction of
metal ions with living tissue, mainly through their direct
effect on enzyme activity.
Geochemistry — the study of the chemical composition
and changes in rocks, minerals, and atmosphere of the earth
or a celestial body.

13. Inorganic chemistry
Nuclear chemistry — the study of radioactive substances.
Organometallic chemistry — the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Solid-state chemistry — the study of the synthesis,
structure, and properties of solid materials.

14. Analytical Chemistry
• It is the study of the separation, identification,
and quantification of the chemical components of natural and
artificial materials. It has qualitative analysis which is more on
the physical properties and identity and quantitative analysis
the measurement and amount of a certain substance.
• Analytical chemistry involves the qualitative and quantitative
determination of the chemical components of substances.

15. ANALYTICAL
Identifies, Evaluates,
Compares
Uses instruments to
find answers
Basis of
Chemical Research
Analytical Chemistry

16. Analytical Chemistry
• Examples of areas using analytical chemistry include:
 Forensic chemistry — the application of chemical principles,
techniques, and methods to the investigation of crime.
 Environmental chemistry —the study of the chemical and biochemical
phenomena that occur in the environment. It relies heavily on analytical
chemistry and includes atmospheric, aquatic, and soil chemistry.
 Bioanalytical Chemistry — the examination of biological materials
such as blood, urine, hair, saliva, and sweat to detect the presence of
specific drugs.

17. Physical Chemistry
• Chemistry that relies on a lot of physics and math to study the
changes in energy that happen to matter.
• The study of the shape of non-living matter and how that
affects matter at the visible scale.
• Physical chemists typically study the rate of a chemical
reaction, the interaction of molecules with radiation, and the
calculation of structures and properties.

18. PHYSICAL
Heating/Freezing of
materials
Involves matter and
energy
Exothermic, Endergonic—
Nuclear chemistry
Physical Chemistry

19. Physical Chemistry
Sub-branches of physical chemistry include:
 Photochemistry — the study of the chemical changes caused by
light.
 Surface chemistry — the study of chemical reactions at surfaces of
substances. It includes topics like adsorption, heterogeneous
catalysis, formation of colloids, corrosion, electrode processes, and
chromatography.
 Chemical kinetics — the study of the rates of chemical reactions, the
factors affecting those rates, and the mechanism by which the
reactions proceed.

20. Physical Chemistry
 Quantum chemistry — the mathematical description of the
motion and interaction of subatomic particles. It incorporates
quantization of energy, wave-particle duality, the uncertainty
principle, and their relationship to chemical processes.
 Spectroscopy — the use of the absorption, emission, or
scattering of electromagnetic radiation by matter to study the
matter or the chemical processes it undergoes.

21. Biochemistry
• Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry in
biological processes of all living organisms. There is
an evident overlapping of different branches of
chemistry but they are all observed in the systems of
living things.
• Biochemical research includes cancer and stem cell
biology, infectious disease, and cell membrane and
structural biology.

22. BIOCHEMISTRY
“Living” Chemistry;
Environmental
Medical research
Proteins, Amino
Acids, DNA, food
Biochemistry

23. Biochemistry
• It spans molecular biology, genetics, biochemical pharmacology,
clinical biochemistry, and agricultural biochemistry. Sub-branches of
biochemistry is-
 Molecular biology — the study of the interactions between the
various systems of a cell, such as the different types of DNA, RNA,
and protein biosynthesis.
 Genetics — the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living
organisms.
 Pharmacology — the study of mechanisms of drug action and the
influence of drugs on an organism.

24. Biochemistry
 Toxicology —a sub-branch of pharmacology that studies the
effects of poisons on living organisms.
 Clinical biochemistry — the study of the changes that disease
causes in the chemical composition and biochemical processes
of the body.
 Agricultural biochemistry — the study of the chemistry that
occurs in plants, animals, and microorganisms.

25. Sub-branches of chemistry
 Nuclear Chemistry –
It is the study of radioactive elements
nuclear processes and nuclear properties.
 Radioactive decay-
Radioactive decay is the process by which an
unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting
ionizing particles or radiation.

26. Sub-branches of chemistry
 Materials Chemistry –
It is the preparation, characterization, and
understanding of substances with a useful
function. This is more of application of
chemistry in different sciences, engineering and
industry.

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