NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS PARA LOS ESTUDIOS INGLESES Practice session 3 Group B. Pascual Pérez-Paredes

1. What can a corpus tell us about pragmatics? ChistophRühlemann

2. 1 Marina Mateo Fernández 2 Alejandra Menchón Barreras 3 FelixMontealegre Ramón 4 Carlos Ortuño Campillo 5 Ana Isabel Montiel Navarro

3. Outline 1. What is pragmatics? 2. Pragmatic restrictions made by a corpus 2.1. Possible solutions for corpora to be contextualized 3. Pragmatic phenomena studied by corpora 3.1. Conversational organisation 3.2. Discourse markers 3.3. Speech act expressions 4. Looking to the future

4. 1.What is pragmatics? Study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms. Subfield of linguistics. Deals with speaker meaning rather than sentence meaning. Key: Context “The art of the analysis of the unsaid”

5. The relevance of corpus linguistics in pragmatics How does a corpus restrict the study of pragmatics?

6. 2.Pragmatic restrictions made by a corpus Reliable textual record: Unreliable textual record: TEXTUALLY GOOD TEXTUALLY IMPOVERISHED Lack of valuable contextual info: Uncoded visual contextual features: CONTEXTUALLY IMPOVERISHED CONTEXTUALLY IMPOVERISHED

7. 3. Pragmatic phenomena studied by corpora On the basis of POS-tagged corpora we have: - Conversational organisation - Discourse marking - Speech act expressions

8. 3.1. Conversational organisation The heart of pragmatic research. Conversation has proved to be a highly structuredsocial activity. Turn –taking: a rule-governed and it has three rules: - One party speaks at a time - Speaker change recurs - No gap/no overlap

9. Conversational organisation - Sometimes these turns can be allocated by… Overlaps Backchannels Turn Initiators

10. Conversationalorganisation Overlaps: tendtoaffectturnbeginnings and endings E.g.: PS1D1> : {How’s} PS000> : {So} PS1D1> : marriedlife? PS000> : Smashing! PS1D1> : Good! PS000> : {Yeah.} PS1CX> : {Good!} PS1CX> : itis. PS1CX> : Oh that’s {good!} PS000> : {Yeah.} I wishedI’dhavemetwhen I was…

11. Conversationalorganisation Backchannel: small response tokens. E.g.: - Single-wordbackchannels: “Mm” or “Yeah”. - Backchannelsclusters: “Oh yeah” “Oh no” “Oh right”

12. Conversationalorganisation Turninitiators: theveryfirstformwithwhich a speaker starts a new turn in conversation. E.g.: Mhm, uh-huh, Oh, Yeah Underthisdefinition, somebackchannelsfomscount as turninitiatorstoo, althoughbackchannels are oftenregarded as listenertalkratherthan speaker turns.

13. 3.2. Discourse markers Connectors – types of linkers How discourse “relates” to other discourse as a: -Continuation - Transition - Quotation - Elaboration - Disgression - Qualification

14. Discoursemarkers Contributetodiscoursecoherence Facilitatelistenerscomprehension E.g.:PS0HM>:Howmuchdid he cost? PS0HN >: Threehundred and fifty PS0HM >: Threehundred and fifty. No itwasn’t, itwasthree hundred. Itwastwo PS0HN >: Yes, itwas. Threehundred and fifty PS0HM >: Oh anyway, itwasstillprettygoodwasn’tit?

16. 3 types of acts:- Locutionaryact(permormingtheactOFsayingsomething) - Illocutionaryact(performinganactINsayingsomething) - Perlocutionaryact( performinganactBYsayingsomething)

18. COMMISSIVES (committhe speaker tosomefuturekind of action)

19. EXPRESSIVES (whichexpress a phychologicalstate)

21. 4.Looking tothefuture Cross-modal communication - Cross- modal = facetofacecommunicationi.e.communicationiscross-modal in thesensethat “signals in onemode can to a certainextentbesubstitutedfororreplacedbysignals in othermodes” Multi-modal communication - Patterns of interactionbetween verbal and non-verbal choices

23. Volume

24. Voicequality

25. Intonation

27. Fear

28. Anger

29. Sadness

30. Surprise

32. Ideographs

33. Iconicgestures