sustainable development & the water, energy food security nexus is discussed. The content throws light on sustainable development : Effects on the livelihood of common man.
1. SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
THE WATER ENERGY FOOD NEXUS:
EFFECTS ON LIVLIHOODS OF
COMMON MAN
GUIDED BY-
Prof- G.S. Bramha
Prof- Sri Lalitha
Prof- Renu Rani
Presented by-
Gayathri Naidu
2. OVERVIEW-
What are natural resources?
The link between population growth
and the use of world’s resources
What is sustainable development?
Importance of sustainable development
How can we achieve SD?
Principles of sustainable society
Evolution of Water energy food security Nexus
Discuss the importance of security Nexus
Effects of security Nexus on the livelihood of
common man.
3. WHAT IS A NATURAL RESOURCE?
• Any thing that we extract from the biosphere or the physical landscape to
accommodate the needs of man is defined as a natural resource.
• A natural resource is further classified as – Renewable & Non Renewable
• Resources.
• Examples –
• Renewable resources- Solar energy, Wind energy, Tidal energy & Biomass
• Non-Renewable resources- Fossil fuels such as oil, Natural gas, coal.
++
RESOURCE ACTIVITY
+ PRODUCTS
= WASTE
+
4. POPULATION GROWTH & ENVIRONMENT
• Population growth results in High levels of consumption and industrialization,
inequality in wealth and land distribution, inappropriate government policies,
poverty, and inefficient technologies all contribute to environmental decline.
• Many of the world's population live in poor
countries already strained by food insecurity;
inadequate sanitation, water supplies and
housing; and an inability to meet the basic
needs of the current population.
• Clearly one of the challenges of a growing
population is that the mere presence of so
many people sharing a limited number of
resources strains the environment.
6. China & India Are Building 4 New Coal Power Plants – Every Week!
More than 1,000 new coal plants are planned worldwide, with about
three-quarters of these in China and India alone Coal, oil and gas are
Fossil Fuels.
Iron ore mine, Australia
Similarly, minerals are also
extracted from their ores by
digging.
7. Forest resources are
exploited for the production
of Timber, also causing havoc
for the inhabitant animal
species
To think about:
What do you think will be the
impact of these types of
fishing on the resources of
the sea?
8. Sustainable development
o Development means making life better, to have a better standard of
living and an improved quality of life
o Sustainable Development means making sure that the things we do,
the goods we buy and the lifestyle we have today will not harm the
environment for us, for people in other places and for future
generations
9. The Brundtland Definition (1987)
“Sustainable development
is development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.”
10. o Looking at levels of consumption and waste
o Thinking about our careful use of the Earth's resources
o Realising that we are each responsible for our actions, and that what we do can have
a huge effect on other people, and places
o The environment pillar of sustainable development is crucial; once we understand
that the resources that the planet offers are finite it becomes clear that current
methods of consumption are using up more resources than the planet can afford.
o The approach towards sustainable development should encompass all aspects and
take into consideration the fact that everything is connected: across generations and
across countries
11. o THE PRINCIPLE IS TO LOOK AT EVERYTHING AS PART OF A WHOLE: THE ISSUES
WHICH WE FACE ARE MULTIPLE, AND COMPLEX. WE NEED A HOLISTIC VISION,
WHICH LOOKS AT THE WELLBEING OF MAN AND THE PLANET TOGETHER
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH-
When we think of sustainable
development we must think of a
system where the decisions taken
ensure that every component of the
system – man, trees, environment,
society, wealth, is capable of
flourishing without hindering the
capacity of the other component to
do so, whether in the present or in
the future
12. ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
• opportunities for
growth
• increased GDP and
benefits
• system stability and
security
• Green jobs and
eradication of
unemployment
• Prevention of practices
which misuse resources
• Regulation of over-
exploitation and harmful
externalities
• Participation and
inclusion of everyone
• eradication of
poverty and exclusion
• food security
• equitable
distribution of
resources
• better life chances
and opportunities
• protection from
exploitative
Protection of ecosystems
and biosphere
• increased quality of air,
land, water
• better management of
waste and pollution •
respect and protection for
all species - flora, fauna,
marine species
• measures to ensure
resource sustainability and
harmony
13. Many conflicting views of sustainable development believe that it is actually anti-
growth and anti-wealth. On the contrary, SD is about balance and a holistic approach
to development. This means that some things need to be preserved and sustained
while others should be given the incentive to be developed.
What needs to
be sustained
What needs to
be developed.
o People and cultures
o Natural Resources
o Biodiversity
o Environment and
Ecosystems
o Quality of life
o Justice and social
equality Equal
opportunity
o Institutions
o Culture of
sustainability Fair
income Dialogue and
Communication
14. NEXUS APPROACH
The term “Nexus” in Latin describes the act
of tying together or something which binds.
In connection with environmental resource
management, the term nexus was
introduced for the first time during the
1980s, notably in a project by the UN
University (Food-Energy Nexus programme,
(Sachs and Silk 1990)).
The nexus perspective emphasizes the inter-relatedness and
interdependencies of these environmental resources and their transitions
and fluxes across spatial scales and between compartments.
Instead of just looking at individual components, the functioning,
productivity and management of a complex system is taken into
consideration.
16. The water, energy and food security nexus means that the
three sectors — water security, energy security and food
security — are inextricably linked and that actions in one
area more often than not have impacts in one or both of
the others.
• Water security is defined in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as "access to
safe drinking water and sanitation", both of which have recently become a human
right. While not part of most water security definitions yet, availability of and access
to water for other human and ecosystem uses is also very important from a nexus
perspective.
• Energy security has been defined as "access to clean, reliable and affordable energy
services for cooking and heating, lighting, communications and productive uses"
(United Nations), and as "uninterrupted physical availability [of energy] at a price
which is affordable, while respecting environment concerns".
• Food security is defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) as
"availability and access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet the dietary
needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life". Adequate food has also
been defined as a human right.
17. NEXUS CHALLENGES- WATER SECURITY (CASE STUDY IN KATHMANDU)
• Growing water demand for
agriculture, energy, industry,
human & livestock
• Uneven endowment of water
resources
• Almost 90% water is consumed
by the agriculture sector
• Groundwater depletion: 70-80% of the agricultural production depends on
groundwater irrigation
• Water pollution – arsenic, water borne diseases, high child mortality, poor human
health, salinization
• About 20% of the population lack access to safe drinking water
18. FOOD SECURITY-
Food production needs to be doubled in next 25 years
• Per capita agricultural land has been declining
• Rice & wheat- high water & energy demanding
• Increased production needs to come from limited or shrinking areas of
cultivable lands
• Intensification of agriculture has led to a great dependence on water &
energy
• Competition for land for food and bio-energy crops & ecosystem services.
19. ENERGY SECURITY
Widening demand - supply gap
• 63% no electricity -65% use biomass for cooking
• Shortage of energy impedes economic growth
• Meeting growing energy demand for agriculture, water, industry & other
economic activities
• High dependence on traditional sources, fossil fuels, imported energy
• Reducing reliance upon fossil fuels & carbon
20. EFFECTS ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF COMMON MAN
With 3% of land, SA has to feed 20% population
• Per capita agricultural land has been declining
• Population will reach 2.2 billion in 2050
• Cereal demand will increase from 241 476 million MT in 2050
• Increased production needs to come from limited or shrinking
areas of cultivable lands
• Water demand for irrigation will increase about 70%
• Fertilizer demand will increase over 100%
