Chapter31 and 32

Chapter 31 (Part 2) Plant Structure, Reproduction, and Development 0

REPRODUCTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.9A Stigma Style Ovary Anther Filament Stamen Petal Ovule Sepal Carpel

[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.9B Ovary, containing ovule Fruit, (mature ovary), containing seed Mature plant with flowers, where fertilization occurs Seedling Germinating seed Seed Embryo

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Figure 31.10 Development of male gametophyte (pollen grain) Development of female gametophyte (embryo sac) Anther Cell within anther Meiosis Four haploid spores Single spore Wall forms Mitosis (of each spore) Two cells Pollen grain released from anther Ovary Ovule Surviving cell (haploid spore) Pollen germinates Mitosis Embryo sac Egg cell Two sperm in pollen tube Pollen tube enters embryo sac Two sperm discharged Triploid (3 n ) endosperm nucleus Double fer tilization occurs Diploid (2 n ) zygote (egg plus sperm) Pollination Meiosis

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31. 11A Growth Secondary xylem (wood) Cork Cork cambium Secondary phloem Shed epidermis Triploid cell Ovule Zygote Embryo Endosperm Shoot Cotyledons Seed coat Seed Root Two cells

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.11B Embryonic leaves Embryonic root Seed coat Cotyledons Embryonic shoot Common bean (dicot) Cotyledon Embryonic leaf Sheath Fruit tissue Seed coat Endosperm Embryonic Shoot Embryonic root Corn (monocot)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.12B Figure 31.12A 1 2 3 Upper part of carpel Ovule Sepal Ovar y wall Seed Pod (opened)

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.12C

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.13A Foliage leaves Embryonic shoot Embryonic root Cotyledons

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.13B Foliage leaves Protective sheath enclosing shoot Embryonic root Cotyledon

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.14A Figure 31.14B Figure 31.14D Figure 31.14C

CONNECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.15

Chapter 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport 0

[object Object],[object Object],Sunflower plants absorbing radioactive metals from a contaminated pond.

THE UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT OF PLANT NUTRIENTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.1A Minerals CO 2 O 2 H O 2

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.1B

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.2A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.2B Key Dermal tissue system Ground tissue system Vascular tissue system Root hair Epidermis Cortex Phloem Xylem Endodermis Root hair Xylem Epidermis Endodermis Casparian strip Casparian strip Extracellular route, via cell walls; stopped by Casparian strip Intracellular route, via cell interiors, through plasmodesmata Plasmodesmata Cortex

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.3 Root hair Flow of water Soil particle Water Water uptake from soil Adhesion Cell wall Cohesion, by hydrogen bonding Xylem cells Cohesion and adhesion in the xylem Xylem sap Mesophyll cells Air space within leaf Stoma Outside air Transpiration Water molecule

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.4 H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O K + Stoma Guard cells Stoma opening Stoma closing Vacuole

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.5A Sieve- tube member Sieve plate TEM 2,700 

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.5B 1 2 3 4 Low water pressure High sugar concentration High water pressure SUGAR SOURCE PHLOEM XYLEM Sugar Water Source cell Sieve plate Sugar Water Sink cell SUGAR SINK Low sugar concentration Low water pressure

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.5C Honeydew droplet Stylet of aphid Aphid feeding on a small branch Aphid’s stylet inserted into a phloem cell Severed stylet dripping phloem sap LM 760 

PLANT NUTRIENTS AND THE SOIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 32.6 Complete solution containing all minerals (control) Solution lacking potassium (experimental)

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