Dr. Pothana's Teaching

1. History of Christianity-II
COACH Institute of Intercultural Studies
Hyderabad

2. CONTACT @ +91-8309511427
coachinterculturalstudies@gmail.com

3. The Age of Discovery
Early 15th Century to 17th
Century

4. What was European Exploration about?

5. European Exploration was about:
Power:
European Countries wanted to dominate the rest of
the world.
Wealth:
European countries competed to become the richest
country in the world.
Trade :
European countries wanted to find new trade routes
between Europe and Asia.
(Trade=exchange of goods between two different countries)

6. Technology and New Innovations
• Better and faster ship designs
• Printing Press
• More reliable magnetic compass
• Invention of the clock
• New navigational methods
– People realized that the world was not flat
– more accurate maps
• Gun powder and new weapons
– cannons/muskets/guns
Technology
and
new innovations
made it possible
for explorers to
explore the
oceans.

8. The Three main countries involved:
1. Portugal 2. Spain 3. England
• Monarchies (rulers) of Portugal, Spain and England
wanted to increase their wealth and power.
• Monarchies funded expeditions to explore new trade
routes

9. Reasons for Exploration
Day 2

10. Reasons for Exploration
• Scarcity in Europe
– Overpopulation (lots of people living there)
– Bubonic plague (diseases killing people & crops)
• New trade routes to Asia
– Spices of Asia
• Main reasons for exploration
– God + Glory + Gold = Three G’s
God-the spread of Christianity
Gold-in search of new riches & resources
Glory-make country and king powerful (top ruler of the world)

11. Exploration caused…
Competition (a race) between Portugal, Spain,
and England to find new trade routes.
• Portugal
– 1st place = found routes around Africa
• Spain
– 2nd place= found routes to Americas and
Caribbean
• England
– 3rd place= found routes to North America

12. Cape of Good Hope
Africa
Europe
Before Exploration
After Exploration
Trade Routes to Asia & India
Spain
England
Portugal

13. European Explorers
• PORTUGAL:
– Prince Henry
– Bartolomeu Dias
– Vasco da Gama
• SPAIN:
– Christopher Columbus
– Ferdinand Magellan
– Amerigo Vespucci
• ENGLAND: John Cabot

14. Prince Henry (PORTUGAL)
Responsible for early European
Exploration
• son of King John I of Portugal
• Often called Henry the Navigator
• 1419 he founded a navigation
school in Portugal
-mapmakers, shipbuilders, scientists
His goal was to find a new trade route and
explore the West African coast.

15. Bartolomeu Dias (PORTUGAL)
• From Portugal
• 1488-First European to reach
the southern most tip of Africa

16. Vasco da Gama (PORTUGAL)
• From Portugal
• First to sail from
Europe to India.
• He sailed around Africa
- Cape of Good Hope
and across the Indian
Ocean to reach India.
• Portugal set up trade
posts in Africa, India,
and China.

17. Christopher Columbus (SPAIN)
Columbus 3 ships:
Niña
Pinta
Santa Maria
•Born in Italy, sailed for Spain
•He wanted to reach India by sailing
West (not around Africa)
•1492 -The King and Queen of Spain
funded Columbus’ voyage.
•Made four voyages to the Americas.

18. Columbus 1st Voyage= DISCOVERY
• Columbus thought
that he had reached
Asia and named his
discovery the “West
Indies”.
• but actually he had
reached the
Caribbean not Asia.
• He called the people
he encountered
Indians.
Spain later discovers that Columbus had not reached the West Indies.

19. Ferdinand Magellan (SPAIN)
• Born in Portugal
• Sailed for Spain
• He proved that the new
lands, which Columbus called
“West Indies” were not Asia.

20. First to circumnavigate the world!
Circumnavigate=to sail around

21. Amerigo Vespucci (SPAIN)
• Born in Italy: sailed for Spain.
• Explored the Americas
• Claimed that these new lands
were not part of Asia.
– The route to Asia was being
blocked by two large continents.
North and South America
was named after him.

22. John Cabot (ENGLAND)
• Born in Italy
• Sailed for England
• Made voyages to
North America
• This led to the later
founding of English
colonies in North
America.

23. England
Spain
Portugal

24. NATIVE AMERICANS & INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE
• North America
–Many different tribes in each geographical
region
–Examples include:
• Northern USA Iroquois
• Southern USA Cherokee/Pueblo Indian
• South America –3 major groups
– Aztec, Maya, Inca

25. North American Civilizations

26. South American Civilizations

27. Native Indians
• Agriculture base society
(farming)
– Planted crops: beans, corn-
maize, squash, pumpkins,
potatoes, tomatoes, avocado,
cacao-chocolate
• Hunters & Gathers (Animal/Fruits)
• Arts and Craft
• Lived in groups of large
communities

28. Arts & Craft

30. Outcomes of Exploration
Day 5

31. Impacts of Columbus voyages
• Marked the beginning of
lasting contact between
Europe, Africa, and Americas.
• Devastated the Native
American population.
• Lead to Columbian Exchange:
exchange of goods, ideas,
disease, etc. between the
Eastern and Western
Hemispheres.

33. Diseases
• Europe and Americas were two different environments
• Natives were not immune (resistant) to the diseases
they came in contact
– diseases that the Europeans brought from Europe were
much more different from diseases that the natives were
immune to.
Many Natives died
from diseases.
– Small pox, Malaria
– much more…

34. The Slave Trade
• Existed before the Europeans
arrived in Africa.
– Portuguese replaced European
slaves with Africans.
• Europeans traded with Africans
for slaves.
(to bring slaves to the new world)
• Slaves-captives or prisoners of
war

36. Outcomes of Exploration
• Trade- Europe/Africa/Asia/Americas
• Conquest (Spanish, English, Portuguese)
• Colonization:
– A power that extends control over weaker peoples/area
– Europeans took
political control
over the Americas.

37. Conquest & Colonization (examples)
• Portugal: Pedro Álvares Cabral (Brazil for Portugal)
• Spain:
– Hernan Cortéz (fall of Aztec/Maya)
– Francisco Pizzaro (fall of Inca)
• England:
– Sir Frances Drake
• (1st to sail around the world completely)
– Sir Walter Raleigh
• (1st colony in North America in North Carolina)

38. Outcomes of Exploration
• Globalization-international
interchange of world views, culture,
ideas, and products.
• Imperialism (after 17th century)
• Interdependence-The Americas became
dependant on the European countries.
• Transculturation-The blend of cultures
creating a new culture.

39. Expansion of Trade= Globalization

40. Food
Asia
Italy
Europe
South America

41. CONTACT @ +91-8309511427
coachinterculturalstudies@gmail.com