Enlightenment and the American Revolution
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8th grade U.S. History. Par Pandit
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Enlightenment and the American Revolution
- 1. Par Pandit Student Teacher from University of San Francisco 8th grade U.S. History Miller Middle School 2012
- 2. Who is this?
- 3. Who is this?
- 4. Who is this?
- 5. Who is this?
- 6. Who is this? James Madison Father of the Constitution
- 8. Definition • Implementation: the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order • Ideals: A standard of perfection; a principle to be aimed at
- 10. Times Before Enlightenment • You were born into a class and had to stay there
- 11. Times Before Enlightenment • Catholic Church interpreted the Bible for non-clergy people
- 12. Times Before Enlightenment • Justice was often arbitrary or based on superstition • Punishment was cruel and not fit the crime
- 13. Times Before Enlightenment • Lack of understanding about health – Black Death
- 14. Times Before Enlightenment • Certain countries had absolute monarchy – Royalty sets all rules based on the “Divine Right of Kings” • The theory of divine right was abandoned in England during the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89
- 15. Times Before Enlightenment • People thought that human nature was not changeable • People did not think about how the environment can affect people
- 17. Renaissance mid 1300’s to early 1600’s • Start questioning old ideas (from Middle Ages) • Interest in human society and natural world and the potential of all human beings • Don’t believe that one should remain in his class based on birth. Reward individual achievement over class or family name The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491
- 18. Protestant Reformation 1517-1600s The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491 • Martin Luther • Bible is the ultimate source of religious authority for Christians, not the Church • Printing press and language translations made the Bible readable for the public and improves literacy
- 19. Scientific Revolution 1500s-1700s The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491 • Development in science transformed views of society and nature • Mathematics • Physics • Astronomy • Biology • Chemistry • Scientific Method
- 20. Scientific Revolution 1500s-1700s The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491 • Development in science transformed views of society and nature • Mathematics • Physics • Astronomy • Biology • Chemistry • Scientific Method
- 22. Influences • Renaissance Question accepted beliefs Celebrate the Individual • Scientific Revolution Trust in reason and observation leading to progress • Reformation Individuals think for themselves Not accept blind authority (i.e. Church)
- 23. Enlightenment John Locke (1632-1704) • Rejects “Divine Rights of Kings” concept • Government is to protect natural rights of life, liberty, and property • Government Authority comes from consent of the governed • People have the right to overthrow the government • Popular Sovereignty The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491
- 24. Enlightenment The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491 Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) • French political thinker • Admires England’s form of government based on English Common Law • Concerned with personal liberty • Separation of Powers • Executive • Legislature • Judicial
- 25. Enlightenment Voltaire (1694-1778) • French writer, historian, and philosopher • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of Religion The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491
- 26. Enlightenment Casare Beccaria (1738-1794) • Italian jurist, philosopher, and politican • Rights of “accused” to fair treatment • Fair and speedy trial • Against cruel and unusual punishment The Heritage of World Civilizations, pg 491
- 28. Quiz What Enlightened Thinker influenced the following from the Declaration of Independence: “…All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness…”
- 29. Quiz What Enlightened Thinker influenced the following from the Constitution: “Article I: Legislative Power… Article II: Nature and Scope of Executive Power… Article III: Judicial Power, Courts, Judges…”
- 30. Quiz What Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the following from the Constitution: “Amendment 1: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press …”
- 31. Quiz What Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the following from the Constitution: “Amendment 8: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”
- 32. Implementation • Like John Locke, colonists shared foundations of Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights • Declaration of Independence echoed Locke’s ideas on natural rights and the purpose of government • Constitution Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers Bill of Rights protects Voltaire’s freedom of speech and religion ideas Bill of Rights protects Becarria’s belief that an accused person has a right to a fair trial and to not suffer cruel and unusual punishment
Notes de l'éditeur
- Ask them the definition of implementation and ideals