2. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume
Textile Industry has earned a unique place in our
which were earliest to come into existence in
basic needs of people and holds importance; maintaining sustained growth
quality of life. The main environmental probl
typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated
effluents. The large volumes of wastewater generated also contain a wide variety of
chemicals, used throughout processing. Th
before being discharged into the environment.
decolourization methods such as coagulation/flocculation treatment, biodegradation
processes, oxidation methods, membrane f
the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In addition, there are other methods including
ozonation, irradiation, ion exchange and photo degradation. Some
have some limitation, including excess amount of chemical usage, accumulation of
concentrated sludge with disposal problems, expensive plant requirements and operational
costs, lack of effective colour reduction and sensitivity to a variable wastewater.
objective of AOP is catalytic conversion of a strong oxidizing agent to hydroxyl free radicals
which are more effective oxidizing agents in presence of UV or ultrasound. AOP with
as oxidizing agent has gained considerable interest due to its highly oxidative nature.
Hence treatment of textile effluent by AOP is taken for study.
MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
The materials and methods used during this research, includ
glassware’s, UV photo reactor, pH adjustment and analysis by colorimeter, and procedures
used to dose the dye and effluent solutions with
varying H2O2 dosages and the varying UV contact times for the Acid red dyes with varying
concentrations and effluents make up the experimental matrix.
DYE: ACID ORANGE 7
Fig 1: ACID ORANGE 7 STRUCTURE
IUPAC name of AO7
Other names
Molecular formula
Molar mass
UV absorption
l Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN
9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
2
Textile Industry has earned a unique place in our country. It is among one of the industries
which were earliest to come into existence in India. This industry provides one of the most
basic needs of people and holds importance; maintaining sustained growth for improving
main environmental problems associated with textile industry are
typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated
large volumes of wastewater generated also contain a wide variety of
chemicals, used throughout processing. These can cause damage if not properly treated
before being discharged into the environment. Several physical, chemical and biological
decolourization methods such as coagulation/flocculation treatment, biodegradation
processes, oxidation methods, membrane filtration and adsorption have been investigated for
the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In addition, there are other methods including
ozonation, irradiation, ion exchange and photo degradation. Some of these techniques may
including excess amount of chemical usage, accumulation of
concentrated sludge with disposal problems, expensive plant requirements and operational
costs, lack of effective colour reduction and sensitivity to a variable wastewater.
catalytic conversion of a strong oxidizing agent to hydroxyl free radicals
which are more effective oxidizing agents in presence of UV or ultrasound. AOP with
as oxidizing agent has gained considerable interest due to its highly oxidative nature.
treatment of textile effluent by AOP is taken for study.
MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
The materials and methods used during this research, includes H2O
, UV photo reactor, pH adjustment and analysis by colorimeter, and procedures
used to dose the dye and effluent solutions with H2O2 and UV. The compilation of the
dosages and the varying UV contact times for the Acid red dyes with varying
entrations and effluents make up the experimental matrix.
Fig 1: ACID ORANGE 7 STRUCTURE
Sodium 4-[(2E)-2-(2-oxonaphthalen-1-
hydrazinyl] benzene sulfonate
2-naphthol orange, Orange II, CI 15510, D&C
Orange 4, COLIPA C015
C16H11N2NaO4S (sodium salt)
350.32 g/mol
λmax 490nm
l Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
is among one of the industries
industry provides one of the most
for improving
ems associated with textile industry are
typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated
large volumes of wastewater generated also contain a wide variety of
ese can cause damage if not properly treated
Several physical, chemical and biological
decolourization methods such as coagulation/flocculation treatment, biodegradation
iltration and adsorption have been investigated for
the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In addition, there are other methods including
these techniques may
including excess amount of chemical usage, accumulation of
concentrated sludge with disposal problems, expensive plant requirements and operational
costs, lack of effective colour reduction and sensitivity to a variable wastewater. The
catalytic conversion of a strong oxidizing agent to hydroxyl free radicals
which are more effective oxidizing agents in presence of UV or ultrasound. AOP with H2O2
as oxidizing agent has gained considerable interest due to its highly oxidative nature.
O2, chemicals,
, UV photo reactor, pH adjustment and analysis by colorimeter, and procedures
. The compilation of the
dosages and the varying UV contact times for the Acid red dyes with varying
-ylidene)
naphthol orange, Orange II, CI 15510, D&C
3. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
3
Physical & Chemical Properties of AO7:
Physical state and appearance: Solid andOrange Powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: >300°C (572°F)
Dispersion Properties: Very slightly dispersed in cold water
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in cold water
Stability: The product is stable
Incompatibility with various
substances:
Reactive with oxidizing agents
UV reactor is made up of SS304 having dimensions of 493mm x 101mm used is
equipped with 27W UV tube attached having wavelength of 254 nm and intensity 30000 µw-
s/cm2
alongwith control panel. Inlet and outlet size of the reactor is 3/4“BSP.
Preparation of Dye solution
For most of the experiments, dye solutions of 500 ppm concentration were prepared
by dissolving 0.5g in deionized water and make the solution quantity to1 L.
Fig 2: EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Effect of pH Alone
A series of experiments were conducted at different pH value of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and
10without addition of H2O2 dose with initial concentration of 500PPM. It is observed that
there is no much influence of pH on percentage colour removal. Without addition of H2O2
highest decolourization was observed at pH 10 (35%) as shown in Fig 3.
Effect of H2O2 Dosage Alone
To investigate the effect of H2O2 Dosage for colour removal experiments were carried
out with initial dye concentration of 500PPM and varying contact time 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
60 minutes and at a constant stirring speed of 150 rpm for different H2O2 dosages from 5, 10,
15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ml.
Treated Water
Synthetic
Dye Sample
UV CHAMBER
REACTOR
H2O2
4. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
4
Fig.4 shows the relationship between the decolourization of dye by H2O2 dosage
alone. The objective was to select the best operational dosage of H2O2 in oxidation process.
The result indicates that decolourization efficiency increases to 19 % with increase in H2O2
dose from 10 ml to 35 ml/100ml after 20 min of reaction time.
Increasing H2O2 dosage increases dye removal to some extent but at higher H2O2 dosage
dye removal efficiency does not increase. Thus, the presence of excess hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) can lower the treatment efficiency of AOPs.
Fig 3: Effect of pH alone on decolourization of AO7-500PPM
Fig 4: Effect of H2O2 alone on decolourization of AO7-500PPM
EFFECT OF pH ON H2O2 DOSAGE
The optimum pH has been observed tobe 2 in the majority of the cases in which
H2O2was used and hence is recommended as the operating pH. With addition of H2O2 highest
decolourization was observed at pH 2 (100%). Colour removal efficiency is higher in acidic
range. Keeping in mind the effluent pH from textile industry and to correlate the removal
process, the optimum pH is chosen as 8 for further oxidation process studies. Fig 5 shows the
effect of H2O2 Dosage @ pH-2
0
4
7
10 12
15
18
0
10
13
17
24
30
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
%ofColourRemoval
Contact time in Mins
pH8
pH10
13
11
19
15
12
10
9
0
10
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
%ofColourRemoval
Contact time in Mins
10ml
15ml
20ml
25ml
30ml
35ml
5. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
5
Fig 5: Effect of H2O2 dosage on decolourization of AO7-500PPM at pH-2
Effect of UV Alone
After optimizing pH and H2O2 dose, presence of irradiation source i.e. UV light was
tested, it was observed that disappearance of color was fast in presence of light compared to
H2O2 alone. This improvement in the reaction yields may be due to the production of extra
hydroxyl radicals.
The results obtained for decolourization of AO7 dye under UV is shown in Fig.6. It
shows percentage color removal increases with contact time of UV.
Effect of UV+H2O2
The best results were obtained under UV light conditions, because UV light has the
largest fraction of photons with the energy needed to drive photochemical reactions involved
in the present reactive system. According to these studies, the use of H2O2/UV process seems
to show a satisfactory colour (80-100%) removal performance.Fig.7shows percentage of
colour removal with UV and 30ml dosage of H2O2 at different contact time.
Continuous Study
In continuous study, the use of H2O2/UV process seems to show a satisfactory colour
(80-100%) removal performance.Fig.8 shows 100% removal of colour achieved after 4 hours
of contact time of UV and 30ml/1000ml dosage of H2O2 during continuous flow experiment
maintained at a flow rate of 11.0ml/min.
Fig 6: Effect of UV alone on decolourization of AO7-500PPM
2
7
9
10
11
17 23
27 31
34
37
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%ofColourRemoval
Contact time in mins
% Removal
1 2
94 98 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
%ofColourRemoval
Dosage in ml
% Removal
6. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
6
Fig 7:- Effect of UV: 30ml H2O2 on decolourization of AO7-500PPM
Fig 8:- Continuous study- UV: 30ml H2O2 on decolourization of AO7-500PPM
Experiment on Industrial Effluent
Fig 9 shows the percentage removal of colour for industrial textile wastewater. From
the figure it shows that 100% removal is achieved after 24 hours of UV contact time with
30ml optimum dosage of H2O2 which is obtained during batch study.
0
41
72
92 96
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 30 60 90 120
%ofColourRemoval
Contact Time in Mins
45
94
98
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
%ColourRemoval
Contact Time in Mins
% Removal
7. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
7
Fig 8:- Decolourization of Industrial Textile Wastewater
CONCLUSIONS
This work was conducted for the effective removal of Acid Orange7 dye from
aqueous solution by UV and H2O2. The results concluded are as follows:
Advanced oxidation process using UV and H2O2 for AO7 depends on initial pH, H2O2
dosage, and contact time of UV.
Colour removal efficiency with addition of H2O2 is higher in acidic range (pH-
2).Keeping in mind the effluent pH from textile industry and to correlate the removal
process, the optimum pH is chosen as 8 for further oxidation process studies.
Removal capacity was increased by increasing the UV contact time.
From the batch studies it was concluded that at pH of 7, dosage of 30ml H2O2/1000ml
of dye solution and contact time of 90 minutes with UV were found to be optimum
conditions for the removal of acid orange 7 dye by AOP.
REFERENCES
1. Resource recycling series “Advance methods for treatment of Textile Industry Effluents”
CPCB, April 2007.
2. Farah Maria Drumond Chequer, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira,Elisa Raquel
AnastácioFerraz, “Textile Dyes: Dyeing Process and Environmental Impact, chapter 6.
3. Metcalf and Eddy, “Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse,” 4th. Ed, McGray-
Hill, 2003.
4. Jan Perkowski, Lech Kos,Poland, “Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater by
Hydrogen Peroxide and Ferrous Ions” fibres & textiles in Eastern Europe, pp.78-
81,2002.
5. Rebecca Jaimes-Ramírez, Josefina Vergara-Sánchez and Susana Silva-Martínez,“Solar
assisted degradation of acid orange 7 textile dye in aqueous solutions by Ce-doped TiO2”
(Jul-Dec 2012) Mexican Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 1, No.1,pp. 42-55.
6. A. R. Rahmani, M. Zarrabi, M. R. Samarghand, A. Afkhami, H. R. Ghaffari, (2010),
“Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Black 5 and Acid Orange 7 by Fenton-Like
Mechanism” Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 7, No. 1 (Winter), 2010, pp.
87-94.
39
44
56
58
62
92
94
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
%ColourRemoval
Contact Time in hours
% Removal
8. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
8
7. Balamurugan B and KannadasanT,India, “Photocatalytic oxidation of anaerobically
degraded reactive red 2 dye bath effluent” Journal of Environmental Research And
Development Vol. 7 No. 2A, pp.827-837.
8. A. R. Tehrani-Bagha and F. L. Amini2010,“Decolourization of a Reactive Dye by UV-
Enhanced Ozonation” Progress in Color, colorants and coatings, Vol.3, pp1-8.
9. Lecompte, Ciro F., "Combined anaerobic-aerobic and UV/ H2O2processes for the
treatment of synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater" (2012). Thesis and dissertations.
Paper 1276.
10. Wonho Song, VaradarajanRavindran, Bruce E. Koel, MassoudPirbazari, 2004,USA
“Nano filtration of natural organic matter with H2O2/UV pretreatment:fouling mitigation
and membrane surface characterization” Journal of Membrane Science -241 pp.143–160.
11. MasroorMohajerani, MehrabMehrvar ,FarhadEin-Mozaffari ,Canada,“An overview of
the integration of advanced oxidation technologies and other processes for water and
wastewater treatment” International Journal of Engineering (IJE) Volume (3) : Issue
(2),120-146.
12. Adel Al-kdasi,AzniIdris, KatayonSaed, ChuahTeong Guan, 2005,“Treatment of textile
wastewater by advanced oxidation processes – a review” Global Nest: the International
Journal, Vol 6, No 3, pp 222-230.
![International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN
9428 (Print), ISSN- 2248-9436 (Online) Volume
Textile Industry has earned a unique place in our
which were earliest to come into existence in
basic needs of people and holds importance; maintaining sustained growth
quality of life. The main environmental probl
typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated
effluents. The large volumes of wastewater generated also contain a wide variety of
chemicals, used throughout processing. Th
before being discharged into the environment.
decolourization methods such as coagulation/flocculation treatment, biodegradation
processes, oxidation methods, membrane f
the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In addition, there are other methods including
ozonation, irradiation, ion exchange and photo degradation. Some
have some limitation, including excess amount of chemical usage, accumulation of
concentrated sludge with disposal problems, expensive plant requirements and operational
costs, lack of effective colour reduction and sensitivity to a variable wastewater.
objective of AOP is catalytic conversion of a strong oxidizing agent to hydroxyl free radicals
which are more effective oxidizing agents in presence of UV or ultrasound. AOP with
as oxidizing agent has gained considerable interest due to its highly oxidative nature.
Hence treatment of textile effluent by AOP is taken for study.
MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
The materials and methods used during this research, includ
glassware’s, UV photo reactor, pH adjustment and analysis by colorimeter, and procedures
used to dose the dye and effluent solutions with
varying H2O2 dosages and the varying UV contact times for the Acid red dyes with varying
concentrations and effluents make up the experimental matrix.
DYE: ACID ORANGE 7
Fig 1: ACID ORANGE 7 STRUCTURE
IUPAC name of AO7
Other names
Molecular formula
Molar mass
UV absorption
l Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN
9436 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April - June (2014)
2
Textile Industry has earned a unique place in our country. It is among one of the industries
which were earliest to come into existence in India. This industry provides one of the most
basic needs of people and holds importance; maintaining sustained growth for improving
main environmental problems associated with textile industry are
typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated
large volumes of wastewater generated also contain a wide variety of
chemicals, used throughout processing. These can cause damage if not properly treated
before being discharged into the environment. Several physical, chemical and biological
decolourization methods such as coagulation/flocculation treatment, biodegradation
processes, oxidation methods, membrane filtration and adsorption have been investigated for
the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In addition, there are other methods including
ozonation, irradiation, ion exchange and photo degradation. Some of these techniques may
including excess amount of chemical usage, accumulation of
concentrated sludge with disposal problems, expensive plant requirements and operational
costs, lack of effective colour reduction and sensitivity to a variable wastewater.
catalytic conversion of a strong oxidizing agent to hydroxyl free radicals
which are more effective oxidizing agents in presence of UV or ultrasound. AOP with
as oxidizing agent has gained considerable interest due to its highly oxidative nature.
treatment of textile effluent by AOP is taken for study.
MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
The materials and methods used during this research, includes H2O
, UV photo reactor, pH adjustment and analysis by colorimeter, and procedures
used to dose the dye and effluent solutions with H2O2 and UV. The compilation of the
dosages and the varying UV contact times for the Acid red dyes with varying
entrations and effluents make up the experimental matrix.
Fig 1: ACID ORANGE 7 STRUCTURE
Sodium 4-[(2E)-2-(2-oxonaphthalen-1-
hydrazinyl] benzene sulfonate
2-naphthol orange, Orange II, CI 15510, D&C
Orange 4, COLIPA C015
C16H11N2NaO4S (sodium salt)
350.32 g/mol
λmax 490nm
l Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2248-
is among one of the industries
industry provides one of the most
for improving
ems associated with textile industry are
typically those associated with water body pollution caused by the discharge of untreated
large volumes of wastewater generated also contain a wide variety of
ese can cause damage if not properly treated
Several physical, chemical and biological
decolourization methods such as coagulation/flocculation treatment, biodegradation
iltration and adsorption have been investigated for
the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In addition, there are other methods including
these techniques may
including excess amount of chemical usage, accumulation of
concentrated sludge with disposal problems, expensive plant requirements and operational
costs, lack of effective colour reduction and sensitivity to a variable wastewater. The
catalytic conversion of a strong oxidizing agent to hydroxyl free radicals
which are more effective oxidizing agents in presence of UV or ultrasound. AOP with H2O2
as oxidizing agent has gained considerable interest due to its highly oxidative nature.
O2, chemicals,
, UV photo reactor, pH adjustment and analysis by colorimeter, and procedures
. The compilation of the
dosages and the varying UV contact times for the Acid red dyes with varying
-ylidene)
naphthol orange, Orange II, CI 15510, D&C](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)