Chapter 5, Section 3

1. THE LAND OF COTTON 9/22/10

2. THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY MAIN IDEA: THE COTTON GIN MADE COTTON THE MOST IMPORTANT CASH CROP IN THE SOUTH AND DEEPENED THE REGION’S DEPENDENCY ON ENSLAVED LABOR.

3. THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY NO CROP PLAYED A GREATER ROLE IN THE SOUTH’S FORTUNES THAN COTTON THE COTTON GIN (SHORT FOR ENGINE) MACHINE DESIGNED TO MAKE PICKING SEEDS OUT OF COTTON EASIER

4. COTTON BECOMES KING COTTON PRODUCTION MADE SOUTHERNERS RICH, AND STRENGTHENED THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY. CONGRESS OUTLAWED THE FOREIGN SLAVE TRADE IN 1808, BUT THE BIRTHS OF SLAVE CHILDREN MADE POPULATION GROW. INDUSTRY LAGS THE SOUTH DID NOT INDUSTRIALIZE AS MUCH AS THE NORTH, IT REMAINED A REGION OF RURAL VILLAGES AND PLANTATIONS.

5. SOCIETY IN THE SOUTH MAIN IDEA: IN CONTRAST TO THE NORTH, THE SOUTH HAD A RIGID SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM.

6. SOCIETY IN THE SOUTH THE ECONOMY OF THE SOUTH RESULTED IN A RIGID AND CLEARLY DEFINED CLASS STRUCTURE THE PLANTER ELITE PLANTATION OWNERS PEOPLE WHO OWNED 20 OR MORE SLAVES YEOMAN FARMERS ORDINARY FARMERS HELD FOUR OR FEWER SLAVES WHITE RURAL POOR SLAVES ALSO, A SMALL CLASS OF URBAN PROFESSIONALS WHO INVESTED IN SOUTHERN PLANTATIONS.

7. SLAVERY MAIN IDEA: ENSLAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS HAD NO LEGAL RIGHTS, RESISTANCE AND REBELLION WERE 2 WAYS OF COPING WITH ENSLAVEMENT.

8. SLAVERY ENSLAVED PEOPLE HAD FEW LEGAL RIGHTS. SLAVE CODES COULD NOT OWN PROPERTY COULD NOT LEAVE PLANTATION WITHOUT PERMISSION COULD NOT BRING A LAWSUIT OR SIGN CONTRACTS COULD NOT OWN FIREARMS COULD NOT TESTIFY AGAINST WHITES IN COURT COULD NOT READ OR WRITE SLAVES WERE TREATED AS PROPERTY

9. PLANTATION LIFE 2 BASIC LABOR SYSTEMS TASK SYSTEM FARMS WITH FEW SLAVES AFTER WORK, THEY WERE ALLOWED TO SPEND THE REST OF THE DAY AS THEY CHOOSE GANG SYSTEM OF LABOR LARGE PLANTATIONS SLAVES ORGANIZED INTO WORK GANGS THAT WORKED FROM SUN UP TO SUN DOWN LED BY A “DRIVER” OR DIRECTOR OF THE WORK GANG

10. PLANTATION LIFE FREDERICK DOUGLASS ROSE FROM SLAVERY TO BECOME A PROMINENT LEADER OF THE ANTI-SLAVE MOVEMENT “MY NATURAL ELASTICITY WAS CRUSHED; MY INTELLECT LANGUISHED; THE DISPOSITION TO READ DEPARTED; THE CHEERFUL SPARK THAT LINGERED ABOUT MY EYE DIED; THE DARK NIGHT OF SLAVERY DESCENDED UPON ME, AND BEHOLD A MAN TRANSFORMED TO A BRUTE”

11. ENSLAVED WOMEN AND CHIDLREN WOMEN SERVED AS MAIDS, NANNIES OR COOKS OLDER WOMEN CARED FOR THE BABIES OF OTHER ENSLAVED WOMEN CHILDREN OFTEN PLAYED WITH PLANTATION OWNERS CHILDREN UNTIL THEY WERE OLD ENOUGH TO WORK

12. FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS BY 1850, 225,000 FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS LIVED IN THE SOUTH SOME WERE DESCENDANTS OF INDENTURED SERVANTS SOME EARNED FREEDOM IN REVOLUTIONARY WAR SOME WHERE HALF WHITE CHILDREN OF SLAVE OWNERS SOME HAD BEEN FREED BY THEIR OWNERS

13. FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS SOME BECAME SLAVEHOLDERS CECEE MCCARTY (OWNED 32 SLAVES) FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS COULD ORGANIZE THEIR OWN CHURCHES, VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS, AND PUBLISH NEWSPAPERS. JAMES FORTEN STARTED AS AN EXPLOSIVE HANDLER ON SHIPS EVENTUALLY OWNED A SAIL FACTORY AND HAD 40 WORKERS

14. COPING WITH ENSLAVEMENT AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE SONGS USED TO GET THROUGH WORKDAYS SONGS ALSO PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN RELIGION RELIGIOUS SERVICES CENTERED AROUND THEIR DREAMS OF FREEDOM OR A BETTER LIFE IN THE NEXT WORLD.

15. RESISTANCE AND REBELLION MANY SLAVES FOUND WAYS TO OPPOSE SLAVERY WORK SLOWDOES, BROKE TOOLS, SET FIRES GABRIEL PROSSER (1800) PLANNED TO CAPTURE RICHMOND, KILL WHITES AND ESTABLISH AN AFRICAN AMERICAN NATION WAS EXPOSED AND LATER HUNG

16. RESISTANCE & REBELLION DENMARK VESEY (1822) WOODWORKER IN CHARLESTON ACCUSED OF PLANNING AN ARMED REVOLT OF SLAVES NAT TURNER (1831) BELIEVED THAT GOD CHOSE HIM TO FREE PPL KILLED 50 WHITE PPL