document contains the content for the sessions.

1. POCSO & DRUG ABUSE
Case Studies
Document contains the short summary of the POCSO act,
FAQs and Case studies for the sessions on drug abuse.
Dr. Sushma Singh
9/29/2018

2. 2
POCSO
The protection of children from Sexual Offences Act 2012.
1. Special
• For the first time.
• Earlier covered under different sections of IPC.
• There was no distinction between an adult and a child
victim.
• Defined for the offences of sexual assault, sexual
harassment, and pornography.
2. Let’s view what is act?
• Act has come into force with effect from 14th
Nov 2012.
• Provides protection of children from Sexual assault, sexual
harassment and pornography.
• Safe guard the interests of the child at every stage of the
judicial process.
• Proper development of the child in view 0f his/her
protection of right to privacy and confidentiality.
3. Trial and special courts
• Designated special courts for the trial of the cases.
• Child friendly mechanism for reporting, recording of
evidences, investigation and speedy trial of offences.
• The police are cast in the role of child protectors during
the investigative process.
• They also have the responsibility of making urgent
arrangements for the care and protection of the child.
• Special court to determine the amount of compensation to
be paid to a child.
• The attempt to commit is also punishable.

3. 3
4. Reporting
• Mandatory reporting of sexual offences.
• Casts a legal duty upon a person who has knowledge that a
child has been sexually abused to report the offence.
• Failing to do so attracts a punishment of six months
imprisonment and /or a fine.
• In-camera trial of cases.
• The medical examination of the child should be conducted
in the presence of the parents of the child and in case of a
girl child by a woman doctor.
5. Procedure- reporting
• Any person knows – offence has been committed or likely
to be committed should provide information to Special
Juvenile Police Unit (SJPU) or Local Police.
• Police Unit should make immediate arrangements to give
the child care and protection.
• Should report the matter to the child welfare committee
within 24 hours of the recording the complaint.
• Steps to admit the child into shelter home or to the nearest
hospital within 24 hours of report.
• No person shall incur the liability either civil or criminal
for reporting the commission of the offence.
6. Failure to report
• Any personal- media, studio, photographic facility, hotel,
lodge- on coming to know about the object or material
known to be sexually exploitative of the child to SJPU or
local police.
• Failure to report or record would be punishable with six
months’ imprisonment of fine or with both.
• Section 21: any person in-charge of a company or
institution or by whatever name called, fails to report, in
respect of a subordinate under his control, would be
punished with imprisonment with one year and with fine.
• False complaint by a child is not punishable.

4. 4
7. Stringent Punishments (SP)
• SP- depending upon gravity of the offence, Punishment
range from simple to rigorous imprisonment of varying
periods along with the provision of fines too.
• The child is not to be called repeatedly to testify in court.
Case must be disposed off within one year from the date the
offence is reported.
• Special court to determine the amount of compensation to
be paid to child.
• No person in any media should disclose the details
regarding the identity of the child.
8. Act
• Definition of the child.
• Different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative or
non-penetrative assaults.
• And what constitutes to be aggravated sexual assault.
• Prescribed punishments under the relevant sections.
• Assault by a group and the relevant punishment.
• Mandatory reporting of the crime.
• Abetment of an offence under the act would also attract
the same punishment as that of the offence committed.
9. Definitions
• According to POCSO Act: A child as any person below 18
years of age.
• Penetrative- male penetration either his penis or any object
or any part of his body, mouth into the private parts of the
child.
• Section 5: “Aggravated Penetration Sexual Assault”
committed by a person in a position of trust or authority
of child such as member of security forces, police officer,
public servant etc. for Ex: any staff, principal or
management staff of the hospital or any place of custody
or care or protection.

5. 5
10. Definition of Assault
• Section 7- whoever with the bad intention touches the
private parts of a child. Be it a male or a female child, or
makes the child to do so. Or does any act with a sexual
intent.
• And which involves physical contact without penetration
is said to be committing sexual Assault.
• Punishment- not less than 3 years or may also extend to 5
years with or without fine.
• Section 9- Aggravated Sexual Assault” means assault
committed by a person in a position of trust or authority
of child such as member of security forces, police officer,
public servant etc. for Ex: any staff, principal or
management staff of the hospital or any place of custody
or care or protection.
11. Sexual harassment
• Section 11- a person with a sexual intent utters a word or
makes any sound or gesture or displays or exposes any
part of the body, with an intention that the child would
hear the sound, or sees the part of the body is said to
commit the offence of Sexual harassment.
• Showing of any porn film with any sexual intention too is
an offence.
• Using a child for pornographic purposes.
• Section 16- instigation or facilitation or by willful
misrepresentation or willful concealment of a material
fact, of a child to do an act with a sexual intention is also
the abetment of the offence of sexual harassment.

6. 6
12. Pre-Trial and Trial stages
• Right to life and survival.
• The Best interest of the child.
• The right to be treated with dignity and compassion.
• The right to be protected from discrimination.
• The right to be special preventative measures.
• The right to be informed.
• The right to be heard and to be express views and
concerns.
• The right to be effective assistance, privacy, safety and
compensation.
13. Interview
• Regarding the details of the assault, including the time,
place, frequency, description of clothing worn and so on.
• By a trained professional.
• Should be forensic rather than therapeutic interview,
sensitive, unbiased and truth-seeking.
• Purpose would be support accurate and fair decision-
making in the criminal justice.
14. Reason for interview
• To get a picture of the child’s physical and emotional state.
• To establish whether the child needs urgent medical
attention.
• To get a picture of the child’s relationship with his parents
or family now the circumstances leading to the concern.
• To find out the child that he/she is now safe and would be
cared for.

7. 7
15. Punishments
SN
.
Offence Section Punishment Section
1.Penetrative sexual
Assault
3 Not less than 7 years
which may extend to
imprisonment for life
and fine
4
2.Aggravated
Penetrative sexual
Assault
5 Not less than 10 years
which may extend to
imprisonment of life
and fine
6
3.Sexual Assault 7 Not less than 3 years
which may extend to
5 years and fine
8
4.Aggravated Sexual
Assault
9 Not less than 5 years
which may extend to
7 years and fine
10
5.Sexual Harassment 11 3 years imprisonment
and fine
12
6.Use of child for
pornography
13 5 years imprisonment
and fine. In case of
subsequent
conviction, 7 years
imprisonment and fine
14

8. 8
Drug Abuse
(Session Detail)
Introduction
Causes
Risk factors
Symptoms
Effects
Famous and control
Treatment
Conclusion
FAQs
1. What is Drug?
• A drug is something that affects our body; drugs pass through
the body and interfere with brain’s neurotransmitters.
• Drugs have been part of our culture since the middle of the las
century.
2. Classification of drugs
• Pharmaceutical drugs e.g. Aspirin, Paracetamol, and
Brufine etc.
• Recreational drugs e.g. Alcohol, nicotine and caffeine etc.
3. Drug Abuse
• Drug abuse is the non-permissive consumption of certain
substance that may lead to physical and psychological
dependence.
• Popularized in 1960 by music and mass media they invade
all aspects of society.

9. 9
4. Commonly abused drugs
a. Marijuana
b. Cocaine
c. Heroine
d. Alcohol
e. Prescription drugs
f. Inhalant and solvent
Sometime sedatives, coffee and cigarettes can be used to
harmful excess.
5. An estimated 208 million people internationally consume
Illegal drugs.
• The most commonly used illegal drug is marijuana.
• According to united nations 2008 world drug report about
3.9 % of the world population between the ages of 15 and
64 abuse marijuana.
6. Why do people use drug?
a. Stress
b. Poor self-image
c. Anger curiosity
d. Fit in rejection
e. In accurate information about drug effects.
7. 5 C, s of addition about drug effects.
a. Chronic
b. Loss of control
c. Compulsion
d. Use despite negative consequences
e. Cravings

10. 10
8. Risk factors
a. Your genes
b. Mental health
c. Family and social environment misbalanced
d. Effect on the brain
e. The abused drug causes a surge in the level of dopamine in
the brain, which triggers feelings of pleasure.
f. Changes in the brain interfere with your
g. Ability to think clearly exercise good judgment
h. Control your behavior
i. Feel normal without drugs
9. Signs of drug abuse
a. Physical warning
• Bloodshot eyes
• Pupils larger or smaller than usual
• Changes in the appetite or sleep pattern
• Deterioration of physical appearance
• Unusual smells on breath
• Impaired coordination
b. Behavioral warnings
• Poor work
• Decline in performance
• Financial problems
• Secretive behavior
• Sudden change in friends and associates
• Accident and trouble prone
• Lack of motivation and with drawn
• Unexplained anxiety.

11. 11
10. Effects of drug abuse
Drug abuse leads to
a. Loss of coordination
b. Poor judgment
c. Slowed reflexes
d. Distorted vision
e. Memory loss
f. Blackout
11. Illegal drug usage all over the world
a. 230 million people have used an illegal drug in all over the
world
b. Cocaine-dependent people number about 27 million
c. 0,6 % of the world population
d. Global illegal drug use is expected to the rise by 25% over
the next few decades
12. Age based statistics
a. Almost 5.8% of the adult population.
b. Nearly 25% of the youth population
13. Famous names from the history
a. Barack Obama- smoke marijuana and cocaine during high
school and college days.
b. Bill Clinton- marijuana while completing his Rhodes
scholarship at Oxford.
c. Steve jobs- apple co-founder
d. Richard Branson- virgin group chairman
e. Michael Bloomberg New York city major
f. Hugh Hefrier- playboy founder
g. George Soros- billionaire investor
h. Naomi Campbell- super model

12. 12
14. Prevention and control
“Prevention is better than cure”
a. Avoid undue peer pressure
A child should not be pressed unduly to do beyond his/her
capacities, be it studies, sports etc.
b. Education and counseling
c. Organizing youth centers
d. Drug addiction may be caused due to the feelings of isolation,
loneliness, anxiety etc. hence social service organizations and
NGOs should establish youth centers to overcome such
feeling.
15. Remedial measures:
a. Individual steps
b. Send such addicts to a rehabilitation facility.
c. A humanistic form of treatment is said to be the most widely
need and effective of all forms of treatment.
d. Awareness and prevention.
16. The role of government
a. Reduce the scale of unemployment
b. Taking up drugs in the first place and tends to get serious
when not taken care
c. Drug cartels should be taken down and removed altogether.
17. Treatment for drug addiction
a. Hospitalization
b. Behavioral therapies
c. Occupational therapies
d. Change in addict’s social environment.

13. 13
18. Conclusion
Drug abuse is a complex problem thought to result from a
combination of psychological and environmental factors. Infants
of abuses may suffer from neglect or the effect of parental drug
use as they grow into childhood, they may demonstrate
antisocial behavior and sign of malnutrition, poor self- esteem,
and depression, or attention, deficit disorder identification of
drug abuse is a difficult first step on the road to recovery
because of the methods many abuses use to hide their addition,
the inability of family members to recognize or accept the
problem and the relatives’ enabling behavior.

14. 14
Primary school
Komal A True Story
Komal studies in class VII of a government school. She is very careless about
her studies. She bunks classes and as well as school frequently. One day she
left the school premises without permission and left her school bag inside the
class. Physical Education teacher Ms. Rita kept her school bag in Principal’s
office. After the school was over Komal came to Principal office and demanded
her bag. Principal asked her to come along her either of the parents in the
morning and collect her bag but could not be convinced by anyone and
Principal Madam handed over her bag to her. After she received her bag, she
started shouting at Ms. Rita and Principal that both of them have stolen her
1000 rupees from her bag and asked them that if they do not return her
money then she is going to police station. Both of them tried to convince her
that we will talk on this issue tomorrow when her parents will be there but
Komal was not convinced. After a lot of patients and Torrance, Principal
Madam had to call the police to solve the issue. At last lady police counseled
her and sent her to home.
Next day the discussion started in front of her parents and she blamed on her
classmate for the whole episode. Komal class teacher Savita Madam also asked
Komal many times to change her behavior. But her parents being a daily wages
labor expressed their inability to do something in this matter and left the
school.
Now I started observing her behavior on daily basis. She has become more
confident in her non-sense behaviors. She used to jump over the boundary
wall and meet with the boys who used to supply her drugs.
After that her behavior used to be more aggressive and used to jump on the
sheds and call the names of her friends to join her.
The case was discussed in Monthly School Management committee by the
teachers and principal. Since very few days were left for the Common Annual
School Exams. Members decided that Komal should stay at home with her
parents. She will come to school to appear her exams only.

15. 15
Let’s have a look on the case
Q1. Why teenagers do start down this type of potentially dangerous
path?
Q2. What kind of harm can be caused to Komal, her family and
school environment according to this case study?
Q3.How behavior of Komal Can be rectified? (Give suggestions)

16. 16
Conversation
In a college among students
(First day)
Teena: Heena! Tomorrow we are going to enjoy the birthday treat by
Rummy at bypass Dabha. Can you please bring the vehicle because
the place is very far from here?
Heena: I need to ask my parents as it their vehicle and take lift.
Parents: it is an official vehicle; we would not be able to spare it for
you independently. What is the need to go at far off places for treat,
better make arrangement nearby?
Heena conveyed her parents view to her friends. All insisted to go
bypass Dabha only.
Ankur: That is the only happening place nearby. Varity of food items,
soft drinks, hard drinks and long drive thrilling experiences “Yaar”.
Isshi: Very true Ankur, Next year we all will not be together as it is
last year of our B.Tech. Course.
Heena: Sorry friends! I would not be able to join you as I have to go
with my family on an important assignment.
Isshi: Heena! You are a foolish girl “Yaar” enjoy the life with us you
are still in the lapse of your parents, leave them, be independent
come with us, do not tell them that you are on the party. There are
boys with us who can arrange drinks only vehicle is required and it
will be a lifetime experience. 2pm to 4pm are happy hours we will
get concessions on the alcohols; we can have such experiences with
our friend’s only. Is it needed to tell about it to our parents?
Heena; many of us are below 21 years of age so it is illegal to have
Alcohol in the Bar.

17. 17
Isshi: boys who are above 21 years of age will make arrangements
for others.
Heena: my parents would not allow me, so sorry friends I would not
be able to make it.
Second Day
Arpit: Heena! You cheated us but we could manage Tann’s vehicle
and went there we all enjoyed the day. It was a memorable evening.
Isshi: since Heena did not cooperated yesterday so now onward she
will not be part of our group Guys! Do not share your practical files,
notes with her, it is an open announcement for the whole group,
isolate her.

18. 18
Discuss
Q1. Peer pressure in context of the given conversation.
(What, How, when)
Q2.Do you think Parental care required to the children at this age?
(What, How, when)

19. 19
Project Report
Think Smart and Act Smart
A group of students of class XI of certain school was assigned a
project work. Following are the main points and findings recorded in
the project report.
• The targeted group was teenagers of age group 12 to 18.
• Data derived from the surveys and activities conducted in 9th,
10th and 11th classes of 14 schools.
• Visits of rehabilitation centers to know about medication and
treatment involved.
• Students filled up the questionnaire
5 questions and their findings are given below.
Large number of students’ answers was:
a. 1. Friends who have tried drugs?
Answer: occasionally.
b. 2. Types of drugs
Answer: smoking and drinking (cocaine, charus, fluids etc.)
c. First experience at what age?
Answer: 14years - 16years.
d. If not tried then would you like to try once? (age group
12- 14 years)
Answer: May be
e. If not tried then would you like to try once?
Answer: yes
• Students also visited the de-addiction center and interviewed
the manager of the center. Programs like SMART
RECOVERY are being run by the center. He also explained
that addiction is seen as behavior rather than disease and
subsequently curable. After 6 months treatment maximum of
them relapse when back to real world.

20. 20
(A true Story)
From the age of 13 to 18, Alby! Finding got high several times a day
to help him cope. He went to school high and eventually dropped out.
“I was losing focus my attention went from 100 to zero. I was
depressed,” he says now, after getting substance abuse treatment,
Alby has been able to face his problems by taking them out with
counselors and making new friends he describes as :positive” as he
puts it “ I feel a lot better myself, I feel a lot sharper, I do not feel
lazy any more”.

21. 21
Discussion
1. What are the behavior symptoms of Alby?
2. What made him to make new friends?
3. Explain few reasons from your experience “Why Alby got high
several times a day?”
4. What made Alby to think smart and act smart?
5. Why the target group is teens?
6. We believe that our value system is so strong then what do you
think about the following results/findings in the project report?
a. Large number of students filled occasionally in response to
the question “Friends who have tried drugs?
b. Large number of students filled all (cocaine, chorus, fluid etc.
in response to the question” what types of drugs you have
tried?”
c. Large number of students filled 14 to 16 in response to the
question” At what age you tried first time?”
d. Large number of students filled May be in response to the
question” If not tried then would you like to try once (age
group 12 to 14)?”
e. Large number of students filled yes in response to the
question “if not tried then would you like to try once (age
group 14 to 16)?
7. Your suggestions about the de-addiction center at this point of
time when large number of our teenagers are inclined to drugs.
8. Role of family, school and society in the life of teenagers.