1. The Indian Removal Act
of 1830
Margaret P. McAllister
EDUC 6100
21 June 2010

2. The Age of Jackson:
Indian Removal
The Big Idea:
President Jackson supported a
policy of Indian removal for all
lands east of the Mississippi
River.

3. Main Ideas—
What you need to know!
• The Indian Removal Act of 1830
authorized the relocation of Native
Americans to the West.
• Cherokee resistance to removal led to
disagreement between Jackson and the
Supreme Court.
• Other Native Americans resisted removal
with force.

4. Key Terms and People
(All vocabulary should be completed in your composition book.)
• Indian Removal Act
• Indian Territory
• Bureau of Indian Affairs
• Sequoya
• Worcester v. Georgia
• Trail of Tears
• Black Hawk
• Osceola

5. Conflict: The Trail of Tears

6. Check What
You Know!
Question #1:
True or False—The Cherokee Nation fought
removal from their ancestral lands by
suing the State of Georgia.
True
False
Next Slide!

7. Check What
You Know!
Question #2:
True or False—Osceola led the Fox and Sauk
resistance against removal to Indian
Territory.
True
False

8. Good for You!
Question #1—The Cherokee Nation sued
the State of Georgia in Worcester v.
Georgia. The Supreme Court sided in
favor of the Cherokee Nation.
However, Georgia state officials, with the
support of President Jackson, removed
the Cherokees on a forced march that
became known as the Trail of Tears.
Click Here

9. You’re right! That
statement was false.
The correct answer is…
Black Hawk, not Osceola, was the leader
of the Fox and Sauk tribes. He fought he
removal of his people into Indian
Territory. The Fox and Sauk were
eventually defeated and were forced to
move from Illinois by 1850. Next Page!

10. Trails to Indian Territory
Next Slide!

11. Q#1
Ooopps! Sorry, that is NOT the
right answer!
Click Here

12. Q#2
Not Quite…that is NOT the
correct answer!
Osceola was the leader of the
Seminole Indians in what is
now Florida.
Click Here

13. Indian Removal from the East:
Complete the following graphic organizer using
information from your notes and textbook.
Native Response to Removal
American
Groups
Next Slide!

14. Indian Removal from the East
Native Response to Removal
American
Groups
Choctaw The Choctaw were the first tribe sent to Indian Territory. The Mississippi
legislature abolished the Choctaw government and then forced the Choctaw
leaders to sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek which gave more than 7.5
million acres of their land to the state. The Choctaw moved to Indian
Territory during a disastrous winter trip. Federal officials in charge of the
move did not provide enough food or supplies to the Choctaw, most of
whom were on foot. About one-fourth of the Choctaw died of cold, disease,
or starvation.
Chickasaw The Chickasaw, who lived in upper Mississippi, negotiated a treaty for
better supplies on their trip to Indian Territory and left peacefully.
Nevertheless, many Chickasaw lives were also lost during removal.
Creek The Creek resisted in 1836, federal troops moved in and captured some
14,500 of them. They led the Creek, many in chains, to Indian Territory.
Continued on
Next Slide

15. Indian Removal from the East
Native Response to Removal
American
Groups
Fox and Led by Black Hawk, the Fox and Sauk decided to fight rather than leave
Sauk Illinois. By 1832, however, the Sauk forces were running out of food and
supplies, and by 1850 they had been forced to leave.
Cherokee The Cherokee attempted to assimilate into the white culture by teaching
their children to read and write in English. They also set up a government
in the same style as the American government. When that did not work
they used the court system to resist against removal. Ultimately their
resistance failed and they were forcibly removed on the Trail of Tears.
Approximately 18,000 died on the march.
Seminole Seminole leaders were forced to sign a removal treaty that their followers
decided to ignore. A leader named Osceola called upon his followers to
resist with force, and the Second Seminole War began. Osceola was
captured and soon died in prison. His followers, however, continued to
fight. Some 4,000 Seminole were removed and hundreds of others killed.
Eventually, U.S. officials decided to give up the fight. Small groups of
Seminole had resisted removal, and their descendants live in Florida today.
References

16. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Indian Removal Act of 1830: a congressional act that
authorized the removal of Native Americans
who lived east of the Mississippi River.
Go Back!

17. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Indian Territory: an area covering most of present-day
Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the
Southeast were forced to move in the 1830s.
Go Back!

18. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Bureau of Indian Affairs: a government
agency created in the 1800s to oversee
federal policy toward Native Americans.

19. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Sequoya: (between 1760 and 1770-
1843) American Indian scholar and
craftsman, he created a writing
system for the Cherokee language
and taught literacy to many
Cherokee.
Go back to
Pg. 8

20. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Worcester v. Georgia: (1832) the Supreme
Court ruling that stated the Cherokee nation
was a distinct territory over which only the
federal government had authority; ignored by
both President Andrew Jackson and the State
of Georgia.
Go Back!

21. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Interactive Map of The Trail of Tears
• http://www.pbs.org/indiancountry/history/interactive_map.html
Trail of Tears: (1838-1839) an 800-mile forced march
made by the Cherokee from their homeland in
Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the death of
almost one-fourth of the Cherokee people.

22. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Black Hawk: leader of the Fox and Sauk tribes, he resisted
the U.S.-ordered removal of Indian nations from Illinois and
raided settlements and fought the U.S. Army.
Go Back!

23. Chapter 10, Section 3 Key Terms and People
Osceola: (c. 1804-1838)
Florida Seminole
leader, he resisted
removal by the U.S.
government despite an
earlier treaty that
Seminole leaders
had been forced to sign.
He was eventually
captured and died in
prison.
Go to correct
answer!

24. References
• Definitions and content for presentation: United States History, Ch. 10: The Age of Jackson:
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2007, pgs. 332-335.
• Trail of Tears Image: Painting by Robert Lindneux, Woolaroc Museum, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. From
United States History, Ch. 10: The Age of Jackson: Holt, Rinehart, and
Winston, 2007.http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/images/ush/musaj_cbfng/ah06se_c09
mcb008bp.jpg
• Image of President Andrew Jackson: United States History, Ch. 10: The Age of Jackson:
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2007, pg. 325
• “Conflict: The Trail of Tears”, from United Streaming: G:School Year 2010-20117 Social
StudiesPower Point Presentations
• Image of Black Hawk:
http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~randyhanna/image/Black%20Hawk%20Indian.jpg
• Indian Removal Map: From United States History, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2007.
http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/images/ush/musaj_cbfng/finah06se_u04hag002a.jpg
• Image of Sequoya: http://www.powersource.com/gallery/people/sequoyah.gif
• Interactive Map of Trail of Tears: From “Indian Country Diaries”, Native American Public
Telecommunications, 2006. http://www.pbs.org/indiancountry/history/interactive_map.html
• Image of Indian Territory: http://www.sonofthesouth.net/american-indians/indian-territory-
map.htm
• Image of Osceola: http://americanhistory.si.edu/westpoint/history_2c1_pop3_l.html