2. In general, a GIS provides facilities for data
capture,
data management,
data manipulation
and analysis,
and the presentation of results
in both graphic and report form,
with a particular emphasis upon
preserving and utilizing inherent characteristics of
spatial data.
3. An operational GIS also has a series of components that combine
to make the system work. These components are critical to a
successful GIS.
A working GIS integrates five key components:
HARDWARE,
SOFTWARE,
DATA,
PEOPLE,
METHODS
4.
5.
6. A GIS topology is a set of rules and behaviors
that model how points, lines, and polygons
share coincident geometry.
Steps- arc node topology
Area defination
Adjacency
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. 1. SPATIAL DATA- A- DISCREET DATA
( FEATURE BASE) B-CONTINUOUS DATA
(GENERAL) A- RASTER DATA
B- VECTOR DATA
C- TIN DATA
2. NON SPATIAL DATA- NOMINAL
DATA,ORDIANAL DATA,INTERVA
DATA,RATIO DATA, CARTOGRAPHICAL
DATA, NUMERIC DATA
15. GEOLOGICAL DATA
SOIL DATA
VEGETATION DATA
LAND USE DATA
WATER RESOURCES DATA
LITHOLOGICAL DATA
16.
17.
18. DATA ACQUISITION
PREPROCESSING
DATA MANGEMENT
MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS
PRODUCT GENERATION
19. Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals
that measure real world physical conditions and
converting the resulting samples into digital
numeric values that can be manipulated by a
computer.
Sensors that convert physical parameters to
electrical signals.
Signal conditioning circuitry to convert sensor
signals into a form that can be converted to digital
values.
Analog-to-digital converters, which convert
conditioned sensor signals to digital values
20. Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)- An electronic
device that converts analog signals to an equivalent digital form.
The analog-to-digital converter is the heart of most data
acquisition systems.
Digital-to-Analog Converter (D/A) - An electronic component
found in many data acquistion devices that produce an analog
output signal.
Digital Input/Output (DIO) - Refers to a type of data acquistion
signal. Digital I/O are discrete signals which are either one of two
states. These states may be on/off, high/low, 1/0, etc. Digital I/O
are also referred to as binary I/O.
21.
22. Data pre-processing describes any type of
processing performed on raw data to prepare it
for another processing procedure.
23.
24.
25. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of
programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract
information from a database, it also provides users with
tools to add, delete, access, modify, and analyse data stored
in one location. A group can access the data by using query
and reporting tools that are part of the DBMS or by using
application programs specifically written to access the data.
DBMS’s also provide the method for maintaining the
integrity of stored data, running security and users access,
and recovering information if the system fails. The
information from a database can be presented in a variety of
formats. Most DBMSs include a report writer program that
enables you to output data in the form of a report. Many
DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you
to output information in the form of graphs and charts.
Database