Learning by Using and Sharing Internet Resources

Regina Collins, S. Roxanne Hiltz, and Fadi P. Deek
@regcollins
20th Annual Online Learning Consortium International Conference
#aln14

Overview
Background
Theoretical Model
Research Questions
Assignment Descriptions
Preliminary Results
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Wealth of free resources available
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Millennials turn to the Internet as their
first source of both educational and
personal information.
Connaway et al., 2008

• Internet resources make knowledge available to all
• Actually part of a complex system that includes:
Learner characteristics
Digital environment
Pedagogical activities
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Learner
characteristics
ICT system
Pedagogical activity

• Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Learning Outcomes
• National Research Council’s 21st Century Competencies
• Nonaka & Takeuchi’s SECI Model of Knowledge Creation
• Social Capital and Knowledge Capital
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Cognitive
AffectivePsychomotor
Emotions,
attitudes, and
motivations of the
learner
Physical
movement,
coordination, and
motor skills
Knowledge and
the development
of intellectual
skills
Bloom, 1956

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Cognitive
IntrapersonalInterpersonal
Intellectual
openness, work
ethic, and positive
core self-evaluation
Teamwork and
collaboration, and
leadership
Cognitive processes
& strategies,
knowledge, and
creativity

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Constructed
Response
Task

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Self-efficacy
(Pintrich & De Groot, 1990)
Intellectual
openness, work
ethic, and positive
core self-evaluation
GPA
Gender
Learning goal orientation
(Yi & Hwang, 2003)
Task value
(Joo et al., 2013)
Degree program
Familiarity with topic
Familiarity with
technology

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Perceptions of learner-learner
interactions
(Benbunan-Fich & Arbaugh, 2005)
Teamwork and
collaboration, and
leadership
Previous sharing experience
Social capital
Intellectual capital
Learner interactions

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Social network = Links from people to other people, groups,
or information objects (White, 2011)
Social Capital can develop in learning communities through
interactions (Daniel et al., 2002)
Sum of an individual’s connections
plus
Value in those connections
equals
Social Capital
Bourdieu & Wacquant, 1992; Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998

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Knowledge capital is
the sum of the
knowledge, capabilities
and skills of an
individual.
Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998

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RQ1. Do the activities of sharing and consolidating
information resources improve individual learning and the
quality of group deliverables?
RQ2. Do the activities of resource management improve
individual learning and the quality of group deliverables?
RQ3. Do the results vary according to student characteristics
such as educational level or gender?
RQ4. Is there any difference in learning outcomes when using
a traditional LMS or a web-based digital curation service?
RQ5. What theoretical model best describes learning by using
and sharing Internet resources?
RQ6. What pedagogical activities best support sharing and
managing Internet resources for learning?

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Systems Analysis and Design – IS 390
Explore the TJ Maxx and more recent Target security
breaches
Database Management – IS 331
Select one of several topics not covered in class
(e.g. cloud computing, data warehouse) to
gain an understanding
Women in Technology (ongoing) – STS 342
Identify exemplars of short films on YouTube dealing
with gender issues and use these exemplars to create
a short film

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Advanced Systems Analysis and Design – IS 663
Expand on the concept of Object Oriented Modeling
covered in class and create a class diagram
Information Systems Principles – IS 677
Two assignments:
1. Evaluate the information systems approaches of
companies discussed in the textbook
2. Analyze a case study based on a relevant article
Information Systems Strategy – IS 679
Two assignments:
1. Apply cross-cultural information systems knowledge
to global organizations
2. Analyze a case study based on a relevant article

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Learning Outcome Question
Comprehension Describe TJX’s business model and business strategy.
Application Relate TJX’s business strategy to its IT strategy.
Analysis Compare TJX’s response to the security breach with that of
Target. How are they different? How are they the same?
Synthesis What common elements (if any) existed between TJX’s
business and IT strategies and those of Target?
Evaluation Which company do you think responded better to the
security breach? Justify your answer.

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Demographics Count
Gender M = 76 (69.1%)
F = 34 (30.9%)
Level of study Undergraduate = 45 (40.9%)
Graduate = 65 (59.1%)
English is first language No = 56 (50.9%)
Yes = 54 (49.1%)
Share Internet resources for
learning before
No = 29 (26.4%)
Yes = 81 (73.6%)
Assigned System Moodle = 57 (51.8%)
Pearltrees = 53 (48.2%)

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GPA Count
2.0 to 2.99 11 (12.5%)
3.0 to 3.49 15 (17%)
3.5 to 3.79 24 (27.3%)
3.8 to 3.99 16 (18.2%)
4.0 22 (25.0%)

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Group responses scored higher than individual responses
Mean (individual) = 83.80
Mean (group) = 91.67
t = 3.401, p = 0.001
No differences by gender
Group grades of graduate students differed from those of
undergraduates
(Could be result of differences
in instructor scoring)
Results suggest sharing
Internet resources as part
of a discussion of
individual knowledge with a
group improves learning
outcomes.

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Self-Efficacy
Topic
Familiarity
Learning
Goal
Orientation
Quality of
Shared
Resources
Quantity of
Shared
Resources
Learner-
learner
Interactions
Task Value
Perceived
Learning
System
Satisfaction
0.458
0.367
0.173
0.273 0.468
0.401
0.180
0.183
0.256

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Dependent Variable = Perceived Learning
F = 21.727, p = 0.000
Adjusted R2 = 0.605
Significant predictors
• Quantity of Social Capital (β = 1.048, p=0.000)
• Task Value (β = 0.306, p=0.039)
• System Satisfaction (β = 0.179, p=0.001)

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Applying Social Network Analysis to networks of
Student x Cited Resources
1. Is there any difference in learning outcome based on
uniqueness of resources (exclusivity)?
2. Is there any difference in learning outcome based on
students who provided the resources cited in the group
submission (in-degree centrality)?
3. Is there any difference in learning outcome based on how
much students refined their cited sources in the group
submission?

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For courses analyzed thus far, in-degree centrality is
associated with individual assignment grade, suggesting that
Students whose resources are
cited by the group tend to have
done better on the individual
assignment.*
* However, data from only two courses has been completely analyzed
thus far.

Learning by Using and Sharing Internet Resources

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