Illustration as Educational Material. History, Techniques and Functions

1. I L L U S T R A T I O N
in Education

2. Illustration
- any visualization of a subject
made by an artist.
- drawing, sketch, painting or other
kind of image of things seen.

3. History
Early to 19th Century
-the first illustrations were made in a
cave. (example here)
-Woodblock printing (200AD) was
used widely throughout East Asia.
(example here)
-Before 15th Century, books were
hand illustrated. (example here)

4. History
During 16th and 17th century, etching
and engraving illustrations were used.
At the end of the 18th century, the
lithography emerged. (example here)
(Lithos which means “stone” and graphein “to write”)
In the 19th Century, the
lithography was enhanced by the
Chromolithography (multi-coloured lithography)
(example here)

5. History
Golden Age
The American “Golden Age of
Illustration” lasted from 1880s until after
World War I.
Newspapers, mass market magazines
and illustrated books was the
dominant media of public
consumption.

6. History
The printing technology was
improved and a small group of Illustrators
became rich and famous.

7. Techniques
Engraving – cutting into the surface of the
wood, stone or metal.
Etching - made by putting ink on an
etched piece of metal and then
pressing paper against it.

8. Techniques
Intaglio - incised figure in store
depressed below the surface so that
an impression from the design yields
an image in relief.
Linocut – a print made from a design
cut into a mounted piece of
linoleum.

9. Techniques
Pen and Ink – the common technique used
by people, done by sketching an
image on a paper
Woodcut – a relief painting surface
consisting of a wooden block
with a usually pictorial design
cut.

10. Functions
Attention
Gaining the attention of students is a
precondition to any kind of learning.
Illustration which attracts the
attention of the students are effective!

11. This module title graphic serves mainly to be
attractive and gain attention (in addition to
identifying the instructional module, of course).
This is an important role, however. One could argue
that it also begins to establish a context by
introducing abstract images of the ice crystal and
pilot report codes.

12. Functions
Retention
Retention usually refers to keeping
information available in the long-term
memory, but the ability to retain needed
information in working memory
is equally important to learning
and performance.

13. Using the simple shape of a cone, this
illustration memorably represents the relative
times spent by a weather forecaster with the
various scales of data. Such a device can aid
tremendously in a student's retention.

14. Functions
Understanding
With the presence of illustrations,
lessons are easy to understand. Like in
literature, the sequential illustrations are
helping the student to understand
the story.

15. This illustration helps learners to
better understand various processes of cloud
formation.

16. According to the Cognitive theory
The first image which grabs your
attention have the chance to stay in your
memory for a long term.

17. Remember that 90% of what we learn
came from what we have seen.

18. Things to Remember in Using Illustrations
in Teaching
1. Make it Attractive.
2. Keep it Simple.
3. Make it comprehensible.

19. References
A brief history of illustrations (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://blogof.francescomugnai.com/2009/11/a-brief-history-of-illustration-
part-i/
Illustration (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration
Instructional Role of Illustration (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.comet.ucar.edu/presentations/illustra/illustrations/illustration
s_new.htm
Thank You!

20. Lithographyback

21. Wood Blockback

22. Illustration on booksback

23. Chromolithographyback

24. Handprints in Cave wallsback

25. Engravingback

26. Etchingback

27. Intaglioback

28. Linocutback

29. Pen and Inkback

30. Wood Cutback