Shin splints are caused by fatigue and trauma to the muscles and tendons in the lower leg and ankle area from the excessive force exerted during activities like running and dancing. Athletes, runners, dancers, and aggressive walkers are most at risk. To avoid shin splints, one should use good quality shoes, gradually increase exercise intensity, rest when needed, and watch for proper form and terrain. Treatments include resting, icing, anti-inflammatory drugs, arch supports, exercises and compression sleeves.