In the modern "World of Java" there was a lot of interesting things going on in the last year, and many things are yet to come. A bit more than a year ago we got a long-awaited Java 9 with Jigsaw modularization and many other new features. In October we "moved Java forward faster" and switched to Java 11, with even more new features, following a new release model and versioning scheme.

1. Java 9, 10, 11, 12…
@rorypreddy

2. "Moving Java Forward Faster"
20191995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 20222016
2014-03-18
2013-06-12
Java EE 7
2011-07-28
Java EE6
2009-12-10
2006-12-11
Java EE5
2006-05-11
2004-10-04
J2EE 1.4
2003-11-11
2002-02-06
J2EE 1.3
2001-09-24
2000-05-08
J2EE 1.2
1999-12-12
1998-12-08
JPE
Java
Professional
Edition
1998-05
1997-02-19
Java
JDK
Alpha-
Beta
1995
2010-01-27
Java1 Java1.1 Java1.2 Java 1.3 Java 1.4 Java5 Java SE 6 Java SE7 Java SE8
JDK 1.0 JDK 1.1 J2SE 1.2 J2SE 1.3 J2SE 1.4 J2SE 5.0
Oak Playground Kestrel Merlin Tiger Mustang Dolphin Spider
Java EE 8
2017-09-21
2013
1996-01-23
2017-09-21
2018-03-20
2018-09-25
2019-03
2019-09
2020-03
2020-09
2021-03
2021-09
Jakarta EE
Eclipse
Foundation

3. OpenJDK (New) Release Model
• New Features included (only) when ready
• Feature release versions released twice a year
• Update releases will ship quarterly
• Long-term support (LTS) feature release every three years
• Time-Based Release Versioning

4. JDK Version Numbering
• $FEATURE.$INTERIM.$UPDATE.$PATCH
• $FEATURE is incremented every six months
• $INTERIM is always zero, reserved for flexibility and future use
• $UPDATE is incremented one month after $FEATURE is incremented, and every three
months thereafter
• $PATCH is emergency patch-release counter

5. Available JDKs
• Oracle JDK www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/
• Many OpenJDKs:
• Oracle OpenJDK jdk.java.net/11/
• Azul's Zulu OpenJDK www.azul.com/downloads/zulu/
• AdoptOpenJDK's OpenJDK adoptopenjdk.net
• AdoptOpenJDK's OpenJDK based on OpenJ9 adoptopenjdk.net
• RedHat's OpenJDK
• SAP's SapMachine OpenJDK
• Other Linux distribution's OpenJDKs

6. Demystifying "Free" Java
• $free as in free beer (cost) vs
free as in free speech (what can you do)
• For $free use OpenJDK binaries
• For free use OpenJDK with GPLv2+CE license
• Updates refers to code patches – typically $free
• Support means fixing bugs and answering questions – was never $free

7. Oracle's JDK is (not) "free"
• LTS release every 3 years – does not mean 3 years of free updates
• Oracle JDK 11 (and onward) can only be used in production with
commercial Java SE subscription
• Oracle JDK 8 can be used indefinitely for free
• Oracle will lead and contribute to each new JDK (every 6 months)

8. Open Sourcing and Converged Binaries
• Goal: No functional difference between OpenJDK and Oracle JDK in JDK 11
• Open sourcing closed-source parts of JDK
• Flight recorder
• Mission control
• …
• Removing some closed-source parts
• Browser Plugin
• Java Web Start
• JavaFX
• Backwards Compatibility – applications depending on Java SE should work

9. Converged Binaries
Up to JDK 10
Oracle JDK
OpenJDK
Java SE
JDK 11 and later
OpenJDK &
Oracle JDK
Java SE

10. (Long Term) Support
• Long Term Support (LTS) for all releases is not practical
• One Long Term Support release every three years
• Starting with JDK 11 (September 2018), then JDK 17 (September 2021), then JDK 23…
• For Oracle's commercial customers updates available for at least three years or longer
• JDK 9 – supported until March 2018 (release of JDK10)
• JDK 10 – supported until September 2018 (release of JDK 11)
• JDK 11 (September 2018) – free support until March 2019 (or 2022 commercial)
• JDK 12 (March 2019) …

11. JDK 9 – old news?
• Java Platform Module System (JPMS)
• All core Java libraries become modules
• 97 modules
• Most internal APIs encapsulated
• No more classpath hell
• Not widely adopted as yet

12. JDK 10
• JEPs included
• 286: Local-Variable Type Inference
• 296: Consolidate the JDK Forest into a Single Repository
• 304: Garbage-Collector Interface
• 307: Parallel Full GC for G1
• 310: Application Class-Data Sharing
• 312: Thread-Local Handshakes
• 313: Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool (javah)
• 314: Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions
• 316: Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices
• 317: Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler
• 319: Root Certificates
• 322: Time-Based Release Versioning

13. JDK 11
• JEPs included
• 181: Nest-Based Access Control
• 309: Dynamic Class-File Constants
• 315: Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics
• 318: Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector
• 320: Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules
• 321: HTTP Client (Standard)
• 323: Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters
• 324: Key Agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448
• 327: Unicode 10
• 328: Flight Recorder
• 329: ChaCha20 and Poly1305 Cryptographic Algorithms
• 330: Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs
• 331: Low-Overhead Heap Profiling
• 332: Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3
• 333: ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector
• 335: Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine
• 336: Deprecate the Pack200 Tools and API

14. //New Implicitly Typed Java 11+ Syntax
BiFunction<Double, Integer, Double> f3 = (var x, var y) -> x/y;
BiFunction<Double, Integer, Double> f4 = (@NotNull var x, @NotNull var y) -> x / y;
Double j = 3.;
Integer i = 2;
System.out.println(f4.apply(j, i));
Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda
Parameters
BiFunction<Double, Integer, Double> f3 = (Double x, Integer y) -> x/y;
Double j = 3.;
Integer i = 2;
System.out.println(f4.apply(j, i));

15. Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs
• Run a program supplied as a single file of Java source code
java -classpath /home/foo/java Hello.java Bonjour
• is equivalent to:
javac -classpath /home/foo/java Hello.java
java -classpath /home/foo/java Hello Bonjour

16. JDK 12
• JDK 12 is currently in Public Review
• 2018/05
• 2018/07
• 2018/10 - 2018/11
• 2019/01 - 2019/02
• 2019/03
Expert Group formation
Early Draft Review
Public Review
Proposed Final Draft
Final Release
• JEPs targeted to JDK 12, so far:
• 230: Microbenchmark Suite
• 325: Switch Expression enhacements
• 326: Raw String Literals
• 340: One AArch64 Port, Not Two
• 341: Default CDS Archives
• Schedule:

17. Backwards Compatibility
• It will be respected
• But with no guarantees
• New version may include breaking changes
• Anything for removal will be deprecated first
• Minimum of one release warning (6+ months)

18. Container Awareness and Java Jakarta EE
• JVM more Docker container aware
• Uses container CPU count and memory size
• Open sourcing Java EE
• Jakarta EE as a part of Eclipse Foundation
• Jakarta EE – Code first, then spec!
• Feed ideas back into Jakarta EE

19. • blogs.eclipse.org/post/mike-milinkovich/jakarta-ee-status-%E2%80%93-september-2018-update

20. Eclipse MicroProfile?

21. Q4
2016
Q2
2017
Q3
2017
Q1
2018
MP
v. 1.3
MP
v. 1.2
Move to MP
v. 1.1
Q2
2018
MP
v. 1.4 & 2.0
Q3
2018
MP
v. 2.1
Eclipse MicroProfile

22. Is Java really "Moving Forward Faster"?
• Much more frequent Java releases
• Faster access to new features
• Many new improvement ideas
• A lot of maintenance and housekeeping
• Java remains free

23. FROM panga/openjdk-alpine:11-jdk as builder
RUN jlink
--add-modules java.sql,java.naming,java.management,java.instrument,java.security.jgss,java.desktop,jdk.unsupported
--verbose
--strip-debug
--compress 2
--no-header-files
--no-man-pages
--output /opt/jre-minimal
FROM alpine:3.8
COPY --from=builder /opt/jre-minimal /opt/jre-minimal
ENV LANG=C.UTF-8
PATH=${PATH}:/opt/jre-minimal/bin
ADD modules /opt/app/modules
ARG JVM_OPTS
ENV JVM_OPTS=${JVM_OPTS}
CMD java ${JVM_OPTS}
--add-opens java.base/java.lang=spring.core,javassist
--module-path /opt/app/modules
--module spring.petclinic
https://github.com/roryp/spring-petclinic