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Building Fast, Modern Web Applications with Node.js and CoffeeScript
- 1. Node.js Building Fast, Modern Web 2.0 Applications Joe Einertson University of Minnesota, Morris October 30, 2013
- 2. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Table of Contents 1 What is Node? 2 CoffeeScript 3 Node Basics 4 Node in Practice 5 Conclusion Joe Einertson Node.js
- 3. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way What is Node? 1 What is Node? Background The Old Way The New Way Joe Einertson Node.js
- 4. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way What is Node.js? Network application framework built on Google’s V8 JavaScript engine Released in 2009, now widely used (Yahoo, Microsoft, eBay, LinkedIn, etc.) Designed for scalability and performance Single-threaded concurrency model Joe Einertson Node.js
- 5. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way The Old Way Older model of server design: One thread per client 2MB per thread I/O either blocks, is manually async, or is async through external library Large set of tools/capabilities built in Joe Einertson Node.js
- 6. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way The New Way Node (and other newer frameworks like Akka, Vert.x, Tornado, etc.) use a different model: One thread, total Non-blocking, event-driven I/O Event loop drives entire server Barebones Goal: 10,000 concurrent connections Joe Einertson Node.js
- 7. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way Benefits of the New Way Much less overhead per user No concurrency = no concurrency bugs Scaling is easy Really fast Joe Einertson Node.js
- 8. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way Benefits of Node Some benefits are specific to Node: Underlying engine is fast, mature and well-maintained Same language on server and client (!) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 9. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Background The Old Way The New Way CPU-intensive = I/O So, how do we handle CPU-intensive work? Turn it into I/O! Spin off new process Yield control Resume when computation finished Result is asynchronous and efficient Joe Einertson Node.js
- 10. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes CoffeeScript 2 CoffeeScript What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes Joe Einertson Node.js
- 11. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes What is CoffeeScript? First released in 2009 Syntax inspired by Python Transcompiles to easily readable JavaScript Seeing wider adoption with popularity of Node.js Joe Einertson Node.js
- 12. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes CoffeeScript Basics Example # Variables aren’t typed or declared x = 2 + 2 # Everything is an expression height = if isMobile then 300 else 800 # As in JS, easily declare arrays and objects arr = [1, 2, 3] obj = {year: 2004, model: "Camry"} Joe Einertson Node.js
- 13. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes CoffeeScript Functions Example # Functions are declared with () -> # Last value implicitly returned square = (x) -> x * x # Indentation is used instead of braces area = (r) -> if r <= 0 0 else pi = 3.14 pi * r * r Joe Einertson Node.js
- 14. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes More CoffeeScript Example # Parentheses are optional in function calls Math.pow(2, n) == Math.pow 2, n # Useful for functional-style invocations squares = util.map [1, 2, 3], (x) -> x * x # String interpolation is awesome... console.log "#{x} + #{y} = #{x+y}" # ...especially when compared to vanilla JS strings console.log "" + x + " + " + y + " = " + (x + y) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 15. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes Destructuring Assignment...? Example # Quickly assign multiple values [quotient, remainder] = divide 7, 3 # Take apart and put together objects easily {age, name} = dbResult x = 3 point = {x, y: 4} Joe Einertson Node.js
- 16. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion What is CoffeeScript? CoffeeScript in 10 Minutes Classes! CoffeeScript has classes! Example class Point # Automatically assign params to instance fields constructor: (@x, @y) -> @sum = x + y difference: -> @x - @y p = new Point(4, 5) x.difference() # -1 Joe Einertson Node.js
- 17. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Hello World Basic Web Server Show me the I/O Node Basics 3 Node Basics Hello World Basic Web Server Show me the I/O Joe Einertson Node.js
- 18. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Hello World Basic Web Server Show me the I/O Hello World Example net = require ’net’ net.createServer (stream) -> stream.write ’Hello World!rn’ stream.pipe stream .listen(8000) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 19. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Hello World Basic Web Server Show me the I/O Hello World Example http = require ’http’ http.createServer (request, response) -> # 200 = HTTP ’everything OK’ status response.writeHead 200, {’Content-Type’: ’text/plain’} response.end ’Hello World!’ .listen(8000) Response time: <1 ms Apache response time: 100 ms Joe Einertson Node.js
- 20. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Hello World Basic Web Server Show me the I/O Asynchronous I/O Example http = require ’http’ db = require ’./server/db.coffee’ http.createServer (request, response) -> query = ’SELECT * FROM STOCK;’ db.request query, (err, stock) -> return sendError response, 500 if err response.writeHead 200, { ... } response.end stock.toString() .listen(8000) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 21. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Node in Practice 4 Node in Practice Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Joe Einertson Node.js
- 22. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Libraries Web server framework: express Async control flow: async Client-server sync + MVC: Backbone ”Push” framework: Socket.IO Client library: jQuery/Prototype Templates: swig/Mustache/Hogan Utilities: Underscore Libraries and dependencies handled with Node Package Manager (npm) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 23. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig express express is a widely used wrapper over the built-in Node HTTP library. Example express = require ’express’ app = express() app.get ’/news/:slug’, (req, res) -> res.send "You want the news about #{req.slug}!" app.get ’/*’, (req, res) -> res.sendfile ’index.html’ app.listen(8000) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 24. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Socket.IO Socket.IO provides a ”push” framework - essentially, a pipe between server and client. Example (Server) socketIO = require ’socket.io’ io = socketIO.listen(app) io.on ’connection’, (socket) -> ClientManager.add socket socket.on ’getData’, (username) -> socket.emit ’data’, cache.findPerson(username) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 25. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Socket.IO Example (Client) socket = io.connect ’http://localhost’ socket.emit ’getData’, auth.getUsername() socket.on ’data’, (personData) -> ... Joe Einertson Node.js
- 26. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Backbone Backbone provides the client a MVC model as well as automatic client-server syncing. Example (Models) class Message extends Backbone.Model initialize: -> @on ’change:message’, ’addEditMsg’ addEditMsg: -> newMsg = "#{ @get ’message’ } (Edited)" # Use silent: true to prevent infinite loop @set {message: newMsg}, {silent: true} Joe Einertson Node.js
- 27. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Backbone Example (Views) class MessageView extends Backbone.View tagName: ’div’ className: ’message’ template: ’message’ events: ’click .name’: ’showMsgAuthor’ initialize: -> @listenTo @model, ’change’, @render Joe Einertson Node.js
- 28. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Backbone Example (Views) class MessageView extends Backbone.View # Even complex rendering is easy with Backbone render: -> data = time: @get(’time’).toLocaleString() color: if @get(‘byAdmin’) ’red’ else ’white’ super(data) Joe Einertson Node.js
- 29. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Backbone Example (All Together Now) # Make a model... model = new Message(data) # ...make a view for that model... view = new MessageView({ model }) # ...and insert it into the document $(’.messages’).append view.render().el Joe Einertson Node.js
- 30. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Libraries express Socket.IO Backbone swig Templates with Swig Building views with templates is easy. Example (message.html) From: {{ name }}<br /> Date: {{ time }}<br /> {{ message }} Example (Client or Server) msgTemplate = swig.compile rawTemplate msg = msgTemplate(msgData) $(’body’).append msg # Client only Joe Einertson Node.js
- 31. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions Conclusion 5 Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions Joe Einertson Node.js
- 32. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions App Demo Simple webchat app Multi-user chat Changes propagate between server and all clients Very little implementation logic 99% business logic Joe Einertson Node.js
- 33. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions How Big? Server: 200 lines Client: 100 lines HTML: 40 lines CSS: 30 lines Joe Einertson Node.js
- 34. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions Why Node? Runs fast Codes fast Scales Cross-platform Huge library ecosystem Joe Einertson Node.js
- 35. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions Why CoffeeScript? Compatible with JS Cleans up JS syntax About 30% shorter than equivalent JS code Joe Einertson Node.js
- 36. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions More Resources Node’s own ”why?”: http://nodejs.org/about The C10K problem: http://www.kegel.com/c10k.html My app’s code: https://github.com/royaldark/node-chat-demo Everything Node, by popularity: http://www.nodecloud.org Joe Einertson Node.js
- 37. What is Node? CoffeeScript Node Basics Node in Practice Conclusion Webapp Demo Tying It All Together More Resources Questions Questions Any questions? Joe Einertson Node.js